Virulence and virulence factors in Entamoeba histolytica, the agent of human amoebiasis

Faust, Daniela M.; Guillén, Nancy

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2012.05.013

Cited by 72 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The virulence factor of E. histolytica has the ability to destroy tissues through adhesion, host cell killing and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolysis [12,13]. E. histolytica is composed of a specific galactose membrane termed as lectins which have the ability to attach to the host cell and are responsible for the production of host inflammatory response by provoking host cytokine production [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E. histolytica is anaerobic but can tolerate small amounts of oxygen for short period of time, possibly associated with intestinal bacteria that salvage oxygen [1,14,15]. It can infect a large number of individuals but severe infections develop only in about 10% of the infected individuals [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…histolytica requires energy as well as some virulence factors in order to escape the phagocytosis of host cell and intestinal invasion. Virulence factors include cysteine proteases, adherence lectin, and amoebapore pore-forming proteins while EhCaBP1 is responsible for signalling and pathogenesis [12,22]. EhCaBP1 is an essential protein, and down-regulation of its expression blocks proliferation of the parasite [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Docking of calcium-binding protein 1 of Entamoeba histolytica using FDA approved drugs

Ahmad¹,

Rahman²,

Ali³

et al. 2017

APJTD

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Docking of calcium-binding protein 1 of Entamoeba histolytica using FDA approved drugs

Ahmad¹,

Rahman²,

Ali³

et al. 2017

APJTD

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“…Entamoeba histolytica may cause amebic dysentery and liver abscess, primarily in the developing world (9)(10)(11). Because these parasites may cause severe infections and are readily transmitted by asymptomatic carriers, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has designated Giardia and Entamoeba category B priority pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol and Isopropanol in Concentrations Present in Hand Sanitizers Sharply Reduce Excystation of Giardia and Entamoeba and Eliminate Oral Infectivity of Giardia Cysts in Gerbils

Chatterjee

Bandini

Motari

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Enteric protozoan parasites, which are spread by the fecal-oral route, are important causes of diarrhea (Giardia duodenalis) and amebic dysentery (Entamoeba histolytica). Cyst walls of Giardia and Entamoeba have a single layer composed of fibrils of ␤-1,3-linked GalNAc and ␤-1,4-linked GlcNAc (chitin), respectively. The goal here was to determine whether hand sanitizers that contain ethanol or isopropanol as the active microbicide might reduce transmission of these parasites. We found that treatment with these alcohols with or without drying in a rotary evaporator (to model rapid evaporation of sanitizers on hands) kills 85 to 100% of cysts of G. duodenalis and 90 to 100% of cysts of Entamoeba invadens (a nonpathogenic model for E. histolytica), as shown by nuclear labeling with propidium iodide and failure to excyst in vitro. Alcohols with or without drying collapsed the cyst walls of Giardia but did not collapse the cyst walls of Entamoeba. To validate the in vitro results, we showed that treatment with alcohols eliminated oral infection of gerbils by 1,000 G. duodenalis cysts, while a commercial hand sanitizer (Purell) killed E. invadens cysts that were directly applied to the hands. These results suggest that expanded use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers might reduce the transmission of Giardia and Entamoeba. G iardia duodenalis (also known as Giardia lamblia)is an important cause of human diarrhea in both the developing and developed world and is an important zoonosis of companion and production animals (1-8). Entamoeba histolytica may cause amebic dysentery and liver abscess, primarily in the developing world (9-11). Because these parasites may cause severe infections and are readily transmitted by asymptomatic carriers, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has designated Giardia and Entamoeba category B priority pathogens.Our laboratory has extensively characterized the cyst walls of Giardia and Entamoeba, each of which contains a prominent sugar polymer and a small set of proteins (12, 13). In contrast, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall contains two sugar polymers (chitin and ␤-1,3-linked glucan) and ϳ100 glycoproteins (14). The Giardia cyst wall contains curled fibrils of ␤-1,3-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and cyst wall proteins (CWPs) that bind the GalNAc homopolymer (15, 16). Cyst wall proteins have very short Asn-linked glycans composed of two GlcNAc residues (17). While cytosolic proteins of Giardia may contain GlcNAc linked to Ser or Thr residues, no O-linked glycans have been identified in its secreted or cyst wall proteins (18).The Entamoeba cyst wall is modeled by Entamoeba invadens, which infects reptiles but not humans, because E. histolytica does not encyst in axenic culture or in the mouse model. The Entamoeba cyst wall is composed of fibrils of ␤-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) (chitin), which are labeled by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) (19,20). Entamoeba cyst walls contain three abundant chitin-binding glycoproteins (lectins) that cross-lin...

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“…It becomes clear that dealing with host conditions is a prerequisite for adaptation and infection. Similarly, the work by Faust and Guillen describes factors involved in the attachment to host tissues and the response to host immunity [23]. In the case of helminths, which are metazoan parasites, the definition of virulence is more complex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to invade, replicate, and escape from host organisms. A challenge in defining virulence factors for parasites

Schenkman

González

2012

Microbes and Infection

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Virulence and virulence factors in Entamoeba histolytica, the agent of human amoebiasis

Cited by 72 publications

References 102 publications

Docking of calcium-binding protein 1 of Entamoeba histolytica using FDA approved drugs

Docking of calcium-binding protein 1 of Entamoeba histolytica using FDA approved drugs

Ethanol and Isopropanol in Concentrations Present in Hand Sanitizers Sharply Reduce Excystation of Giardia and Entamoeba and Eliminate Oral Infectivity of Giardia Cysts in Gerbils

How to invade, replicate, and escape from host organisms. A challenge in defining virulence factors for parasites

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