Virulence and transmissibility of <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i>

Soeripto,; Whithear, Kevin G.; Cottew, G. S.; Harrigan, K E

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1989.tb09746.x

Cited by 52 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The aim of this work was to study the safety of, and the protective immune response to, GapA + M. gallisepticum ts-11. Protection induced by this vaccine strain was assessed by challenging vaccinated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with the virulent wild-type M. gallisepticum strain Ap3AS (Soeripto et al , 1989). Birds vaccinated with GapA + M. gallisepticum ts-11 were compared with birds inoculated with medium alone and birds vaccinated with the commercial M. gallisepticum ts-11 vaccine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GapA+ Mycoplasma gallisepticum ts-11 has improved vaccine characteristics

et al. 2011

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is an important poultry pathogen that causes respiratory disease and loss of production worldwide, and is currently controlled with live attenuated vaccines. These vaccines have limitations as they vary in their pathogenicity, the protection afforded and their transmissibility, but have been shown to effectively reduce losses associated with challenge in the field. A live attenuated vaccine, ts-11, has been used for the control of M. gallisepticum in several countries. This vaccine is highly dose-dependent and the flock antibody response is weak. GapA is the primary cytadherence molecule in M. gallisepticum, and the absence of GapA expression has been observed in the vast majority of cells in the ts-11 vaccine strain. In this study the immunogenicity of a GapA + M. gallisepticum ts-11 vaccine was investigated in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Birds vaccinated with GapA + M. gallisepticum ts-11 were protected against clinical signs of disease following challenge with virulent M. gallisepticum, and GapA + M. gallisepticum ts-11 was shown to be non-pathogenic and more immunogenic at a lower dose than the currently available M. gallisepticum ts-11 vaccine. Thus, GapA + M. gallisepticum ts-11 appears to have improved potential as a vaccine candidate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GapA+ Mycoplasma gallisepticum ts-11 has improved vaccine characteristics

et al. 2011

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“…M. gallisepticum Ap3AS is a pathogenic strain isolated from an infected chicken in Australia, and studies of its pathogenicity have revealed that, like other strains of M. gallisepticum, it causes severe airsacculitis, increases tracheal mucosal thickness due to infiltration of mononuclear cells, and causes degeneration and metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium (18). The cellular immune response to M. gallisepticum strain Ap3AS in the tracheal mucosa has been shown to be primarily mediated by T cells during the first 2 weeks after infection, with B cells appearing later, nearly 3 weeks after infection (19,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Response of the Chicken Trachea to Chronic Infection with Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain Ap3AS and Vaxsafe MG (Strain ts-304): a Transcriptional Profile

et al. 2020

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the primary etiological agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens. Live attenuated vaccines are most commonly used in the field to control the disease, but current vaccines have some limitations. Vaxsafe MG (strain ts-304) is a new vaccine candidate that is efficacious at a lower dose than the current commercial vaccine strain ts-11, from which it is derived. In this study, the transcriptional profiles of the trachea of unvaccinated chickens and chickens vaccinated with strain ts-304 were compared 2 weeks after challenge with M. gallisepticum strain Ap3AS during the chronic stage of infection. After challenge, genes, gene ontologies, pathways, and protein classes involved in inflammation, cytokine production and signaling, and cell proliferation were upregulated, while those involved in formation and motor movement of cilia, formation of intercellular junctional complexes, and formation of the cytoskeleton were downregulated in the unvaccinated birds compared to the vaccinated birds, reflecting immune dysregulation and the pathological changes induced in the trachea by infection with M. gallisepticum. Vaccination appears to protect the structural and functional integrity of the tracheal mucosa 2 weeks after infection with M. gallisepticum.

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“…In order to apply predisposing factors, administration of several combinations of two components, namely 1–2 mg/kg dose of Dexamethasone and 30x dose of infectious bronchitis H120 eye drop vaccine (IB30x), were utilized. Infection in chicken carcasses was evaluated and scored [ 19 , 21 ]. According to the necroscopy scores, injection of 1011 CFUs of E .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial ghost of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) serotype O78:K80 as a homologous vaccine against avian colibacillosis

et al. 2018

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Avian Colibacillosis is among the major causes of economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide, with a more vivid impact on developing countries. The involvement of several bacteria has made it challenging to develop effective vaccines for this disease, particularly because it is notoriously difficult to make a vaccine that contains all the contributing pathogenic bacteria. Here, we report the design and fabrication of a bacterial ghost (BG) of E. coli O78:K80, which is among the major bacterial serotypes responsible for this disease. The generated ghost is then exploited as a homologous vaccine against Avian Colibacillosis. We demonstrate that hole formation in the cell wall of E. coli O78:K80 can happen properly in optical densities as high as 0.8 compared to the 0.3–0.4 standard for bacteria like E. coli TOP10. This is especially advantageous for mass production of this ghost which is a vital factor in development of any BG-based vaccine. Compared to E. coli TOP10, we faced a great challenge in transforming the wild type bacteria with the E-lysis plasmid which was probably due to higher thickness of the cell wall in O78:K80. This, however, was addressed by treating the cell wall with a different combination of ions.The vaccine was administered to Ross 308 broiler chickens via injection as well as through their respiratory system at a dose of 1010 BGs, repeated 3 times at weekly intervals. Chickens were then challenged with the wild type O78:K80 at a dose of 1011 bacteria together with Infectious Bronchitis H120 vaccine (as immunosuppressant) one week after the last immunization. Air sac lesions were significantly reduced in BG vaccinated groups in comparison with the control group. The levels of IFNγ, IgA and IgY were measured in the serum of immunized chickens as an indication of immune response and were compared with those of the chickens vaccinated with killed bacteria. The results show that O78:K80 BG can be used as an efficient homologous vaccine against Colibacillosis disease in poultry. We expect our findings can serve as the starting point for designing more sophisticated vaccines that contain all three major pathogenic bacteria involved in avian Colibacillosis.

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Virulence and transmissibility of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

GapA+ Mycoplasma gallisepticum ts-11 has improved vaccine characteristics

GapA+ Mycoplasma gallisepticum ts-11 has improved vaccine characteristics

Differential Response of the Chicken Trachea to Chronic Infection with Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain Ap3AS and Vaxsafe MG (Strain ts-304): a Transcriptional Profile

Bacterial ghost of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) serotype O78:K80 as a homologous vaccine against avian colibacillosis

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