Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs

Paradza, Vongai M.; Khamis, Fathiya M.; Yusuf, Abdullahi Ahmed; Subramanian, Sevgan; Akutse, Komivi Senyo

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08277

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…According to the authors, this secondary infection mechanism may be promoted by dead infected adults inside the galleries. This has been reported for different pests as a mechanism for the generation of epizootics and as a way in which the EPF remains mobile within ecosystems [ 31 , 49 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Therefore, the possibility that they transmit viable infective units of EPF to their progeny is considerably reduced due to friction in the galleries and the constant removal of sawdust by the females to the outside [ 46 , 47 ], which may include conidia. In addition, the oxygen-limited conditions and the competition with symbiotic fungi of the beetle inside the galleries may not provide favorable conditions for the germination of the few spores that may have remained attached [ 31 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, and contrary to our results, fungal infection in all immature stages has been reported. This is probably due to the formulation of the aforementioned commercial products (oil-based formulation), which shows a considerable improvement in the adherence of infective units to the insects’ cuticle [ 13 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 49 , 51 ]. In our study, conidia suspensions contained Tween 80 (0.05%), which is used for their dispersal, considering their hydrophobic characteristics [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocontrol of Xyleborus affinis (Curculionidae: Scolitinae) Females and Progeny by Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in a Sawdust Artificial Diet Model

Castrejón-Antonio

Tamez‐Guerra

García-Ortiz

et al. 2023

Insects

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The ambrosia beetle Xyleborus affinis, recently reported affecting avocado trees in Mexico, represents one of the most widespread insects worldwide. Previous reports have shown that Xyleborus genera members are susceptible to Beauveria bassiana and other entomopathogenic fungus strains. However, their effect on borer beetles’ progeny has not been fully investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the insecticidal activity of B. bassiana on X. affinis adult females and their progeny in an artificial sawdust diet bioassay model. The B. bassiana strains CHE-CNRCB 44, 171, 431, and 485 were individually tested on females at concentrations ranging from 2 × 106 to 1 × 109 conidia mL−1. After 10 d of incubation, diet was evaluated to count laid eggs, larvae, and adults. Insect conidia loss after exposure was determined by attached conidia to each insect after 12 h of exposure. The results showed that females’ mortality ranged between 3.4% and 50.3% in a concentration–response manner. Furthermore, we did not observe statistical differences among strains at the highest concentration. CHE-CNRCB 44 showed the highest mortality at the lowest concentration and reduced larvae and laid eggs at the highest concentration (p < 0.01). Strains CHE-CNRCB 44, 431, and 485 significantly decreased larvae, as compared with the untreated control. After 12 h, up to 70% of conidia was removed by the effect of the artificial diet. In conclusion, B. bassiana has the potential to control X. affinis adult females and progeny.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocontrol of Xyleborus affinis (Curculionidae: Scolitinae) Females and Progeny by Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in a Sawdust Artificial Diet Model

Castrejón-Antonio

Tamez‐Guerra

García-Ortiz

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…Although there has been some recent effort regarding the intraspecific ranges of virulence in fungal pathogens, particularly plant pathogens where differences in pathogenicity and disease symptoms have been studied (Elena et al, 2015; Zeng et al, 2018), there are fewer studies focused on entomopathogens. Of the research that has considered intraspecific variation, the focus is largely skewed towards determining whether the cumulative virulence of a fungal species is significantly different in comparison with an alternative species or genus (Liu et al, 2002; Mburu et al, 2009; Paradza et al, 2021). Nevertheless, there is growing evidence that natural variation within entomopathogenic species is evident and important in terms of biological control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic variation and genomic variation in insect virulence traits reveal patterns of intraspecific diversity in a locust-specific fungal pathogen

Parker,

Meyling,

De Fine Licht

2023

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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Intraspecific pathogen diversity is crucial for understanding the evolution and maintenance of adaptation in host–pathogen interactions. Traits associated with virulence are often a significant source of variation directly impacted by local selection pressures. The specialist fungal entomopathogen, Metarhizium acridum, has been widely implemented as a biological control agent of locust pests in tropical regions of the world. However, few studies have accounted for natural intraspecific phenotypic and genetic variation. Here, we examine the diversity of nine isolates of M. acridum spanning the known geographic distribution, in terms of (1) virulence towards two locust species, (2) growth rates on three diverse nutrient sources, and (3) comparative genomics to uncover genomic variability. Significant variability in patterns of virulence and growth was shown among the isolates, suggesting intraspecific ecological specialization. Different patterns of virulence were shown between the two locust species, indicative of potential host preference. Additionally, a high level of diversity among M. acridum isolates was observed, revealing increased variation in subtilisin‐like proteases from the Pr1 family. These results culminate in the first in‐depth analysis regarding multiple facets of natural variation in M. acridum, offering opportunities to understand critical evolutionary drivers of intraspecific diversity in pathogens.

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“…Three commercial vegetable oils, namely corn oil, olive oil (obtained from Bidco Africa Limited, Thika, Kenya) and canola oil (obtained from Agventure Limited, Nakuru, Kenya), were used for the formulations. Dry conidia (0.3 g) of the fungal isolate were formulated with the oils by emulsifying 2% (v/v) of each oil in 0.05% Triton X-100 water containing 1 × 10 8 conidia/mL of the fungal suspension [23]. Water suspension, containing 0.05% Triton X-100 water and 1 × 10 8 conidia/mL of the fungus, was used as the aqueousformulated conidia.…”

Section: Formulation Of the Fungal Isolate Metarhizium Anisopliae Ici...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and Field Performance of Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate ICIPE 41 for Sustainable Control of the Invasive Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

et al. 2022

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To overcome the negative impacts of invasive fall armyworm (FAW), this study assessed the laboratory and field efficacy of aqueous and oil-based formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 41 as an alternative source for FAW management. Three oil formulations, including canola, corn, olive and an aqueous formulation of ICIPE 41, were assessed against the second-instar larvae of FAW in the laboratory. Field experiments were also conducted at Mbita and Migori, Kenya, using the best formulation, with four treatments: (a) A corn oil formulation of ICIPE 41; (b) Mazao Achieve® biopesticide, with the M. anisopliae ICIPE 78 strain as the active ingredient; (c) spinetoram-based synthetic pesticide; (d) a control (water + corn oil), where the FAW incidence, infestation, larval mortality and the effects on parasitoids and yield were evaluated. The laboratory results showed no significant differences in the efficacies among the oil-based formulations, with mortality rates of >70% and an LT50 of ~2 days compared to 15.15% in the controls with an LT50 of 8.11 days. Under the field conditions, no significant differences in the FAW infestation were observed between ICIPE 41 and Mazao Achieve®, compared to the control treatments in both agro-ecological zones. From the field-collected samples, both fugal-based biopesticides exhibited high mortality and mycosis rates, with no negative impacts on Cotesia icipe compared to the spinetoram pesticide. There were significant differences in the total grain yields among the treatments in Mbita and Migori. ICIPE41 could, therefore, be formulated in corn oil to promote sustainable FAW management in maize cropping systems.

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Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Biocontrol of Xyleborus affinis (Curculionidae: Scolitinae) Females and Progeny by Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in a Sawdust Artificial Diet Model

Biocontrol of Xyleborus affinis (Curculionidae: Scolitinae) Females and Progeny by Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in a Sawdust Artificial Diet Model

Phenotypic variation and genomic variation in insect virulence traits reveal patterns of intraspecific diversity in a locust-specific fungal pathogen

Laboratory and Field Performance of Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate ICIPE 41 for Sustainable Control of the Invasive Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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