Virulence Analysis of Wheat Powdery Mildew (<i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>) and Effective Genes in Middle Delta, Egypt

El-Shamy, M. M.; Emara, H.M.; Mohamed, Mona A.

doi:10.1094/pdis-01-16-0130-re

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The high frequency of B. graminis f. sp. tritici virulent genes was also confirmed in previous studies in other countries [18][19][20][21], and recently in China [22], Ukraine [23], Australia [24], Egypt [25], Israel [26], and the USA [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Virulence Structure of the Wheat Powdery Mildew Population in Serbia

et al. 2021

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Powdery mildew is a common, economically important disease in the wheat growing area of Serbia. A large-scale virulence survey of its causal agent Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici population was performed in the period 1995–2013. A total of 1013 isolates were recovered from the collected chasmothecial samples. Among them, 862 unique pathotypes were identified using a differential set of 20 wheat lines with known powdery mildew (Pm) resistant genes. The pathogen was highly diverse. Number of virulence genes (virulence complexity) per isolate was large, supporting a constant need to extend the differential set of wheat with newly identified Pm genes. Virulence frequencies to Pm6, Pm7, and Pm5+8 were high throughout the 19-year period, in contrast with that to Pm5+6, which was consistently at a low level. The most significant change in the population was observed for virulence to the Pm2+4b+6 gene combination, with an increasing frequency of virulence to this gene combination over the years. High virulence complexity and genetic diversity of the population are the most influential factors for the damaging epidemics that this pathogen can cause.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Virulence Structure of the Wheat Powdery Mildew Population in Serbia

et al. 2021

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“…Wheat Pm genes mainly exhibit resistance to speci c Bgt races; however, the Bgt races can easily generate novel viral Bgt isolates through virulent mutations to escape recognition of resistance genes, resulting in the Pm genes losing their ability to generate resistance to powdery mildew [5,36,37]. Therefore, there is a vital need to discover, identify, and utilize new and effective Pm genes for wheat production [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased use of nitrogen fertilizers has resulted in powdery mildew becoming progressively a more important problem in wheat production [3,4]. Breeding resistant cultivars is the most economical, effective, and environmentally safe strategy to control powdery mildew [5,6]. Resistant wheat cultivars easily lose effective resistance against newly emerged Bgt strains [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Mapping of Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Wheat Landrace ‘Guizi 1’ Using Genotyping-By-Sequencing

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Wheat powdery mildew (Pm), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide that causes severe yield losses. Resistant wheat cultivars easily lose effective resistance against newly emerged Bgt strains; therefore, identifying new resistance genes is necessary for breeding resistant cultivars. ‘Guizi 1’ is a Chinese wheat cultivar with effective moderate and stable resistance against powdery mildew. A genetic analysis indicated that powdery mildew resistance in ‘Guizi 1’ was controlled by a single dominant gene, designated PmGZ1. In total, 110 F2 individual plants and the 2 parents were used for genotyping-by-sequencing, which produced 23,134 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The SNP distributions on the 21 chromosomes ranged from 134 on chromosome 6D to 6,288 on chromosome 3B. Chromosome 6A has 1,866 SNPs, among which 16 are located in a physical region between positions 307,802,221 and 309,885,836 in an approximate 2.3-cM region, which possessed the greatest SNP density. The average map distance between SNP markers was 0.1 cM. A quantitative trait locus with a significant epistatic effect on powdery mildew resistance was mapped to Chromosome 6A. The LOD value of PmGZ1 reached 34.8, and PmGZ1 was located within the confidence interval marked by chr6a-307802221 and chr6a-309885836. The phenotypic variance explained by PmGZ1 was 74.7%. Four candidate genes (two each encoding TaAP2-A and actin proteins) were annotated as resistance genes. The present results provide valuable information for wheat genetic improvement, quantitative trait loci fine mapping, and candidate gene validation.

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“…Improved host resistance provides an attractive opportunity for the development of an effective and environmentally acceptable means to control this disease (Ma et al, 2015a(Ma et al, , 2019. In wheat production, the powdery mildew resistance (Pm) genes exhibit mainly racespecific resistance, which was often short lived, as they were defeated by the fast-evolving virulent pathogen (Xiao et al, 2013;El-Shamy et al, 2016). The ratio of broad-spectrum resistance in Chinese wheat cultivars/breeding lines is not yet satisfactory in wheat production (Li et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%