Virucidal Nanofiber Textiles Based on Photosensitized Production of Singlet Oxygen

Abstract

Novel biomaterials based on hydrophilic polycaprolactone and polyurethane (Tecophilic®) nanofibers with an encapsulated 5,10,5,20-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer were prepared by electrospinning. The doped nanofiber textiles efficiently photo-generate O2(1Δg), which oxidize external chemical and biological substrates/targets. Strong photo-virucidal effects toward non-enveloped polyomaviruses and enveloped baculoviruses were observed on the surface of these textiles. The photo-virucidal effect was confirmed by a decrease in virus infectivity. In contrast, no virucidal effect was detected in the absence of light and/or the encapsulated photosensitizer.

Potential applications of porphyrins in photodynamic inactivation beyond the medical scope

“…The results showed that baculovirus is more resistant to photoinactivation than the polyomavirus. The textiles were also tested after a year of storage at room temperature in the dark with the same results which indicate their long-term photovirucidal efficiency [60].…”

“…No [47] No [50,52,69] On filter paper [82] On cotton fabric [86,108] On polysilsesquioxane plastic films [61] On cotton fabric [87] On azide-modified cellulose nanocrystals [43,75] On chloroacetyl cellulose ester chlorides [78] On cellulose laurate esters plastic films [79] No [71] No [93] No [49,71,93,110] and Tri-Py + -Me-PF on silica coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles [70] and also on CoFe2O4 nanoparticles [111] No [81] No [105] No [36,37,71,74,81,105]; Tetra-Py + -Me was entrapped into microporous silica gels [88] and into three alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes [89] On optically transparent indium tin oxide electrodes [63] On chitosan membranes [72] Pd(II) TetraTPPCO2H On a polyurethane matrix [83] No [105] In hydrophilic polycaprolactone and polyurethane (TecophilicH) nanofibers [60]; on electrospun polymeric nanofiber materials polyurethane Larithane TM , polystyrene, polycaprolactone, and polyamide 6 [76]; into three alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes [89]; and in a silica-gel supported antimony porphyrin complex SbTPP [97,98] No [44,…”

“…The photoinactivation efficiency also depended on oxygen permeability and diffusion coefficients as on the diameter of the polymeric nanofibers. Soon after, the same group [60] selected another medical-grade nanofiber material, polyurethane Tecophilic ® and also polycaprolactone (PCL) both loaded with TPP to study the photoinactivation of non-enveloped DNA viruses (mouse polyomaviruses, 10 5 plaque forming units, PFU) and enveloped DNA viruses (baculoviruses pVLVP1, 10 4 PFU). Viral suspensions were applied to the surface of small pieces of the nanofiber textiles doped with 1% TPP and were irradiated with white light for 30 min.…”

“…Viral suspensions were applied to the surface of small pieces of the nanofiber textiles doped with 1% TPP and were irradiated with white light for 30 min. The virus were retrieved from the surface of the textiles and used to infect 3T6 fibroblasts (for the mouse polyomavirus) and the Sf9 insect cell line (for baculovirus) [60]. Singlet oxygen released from the surface of doped polyurethane Tecophilic ® and PCL upon irradiation efficiently inactivated both the non-enveloped and enveloped viruses and both types of polymer nanofibers are nontoxic to viruses in the absence of light.…”

Wipes Coated with a Singlet-Oxygen-Producing Photosensitizer Are Effective against Human Influenza Virus but Not against Norovirus

“…The use of wipes coated with antimicrobials may allow combined cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and prevent crosscontamination via the cleaning cloth if the pathogen is inactivated efficiently in the cloth. Cloths that incorporate antimicrobials such as light-activated polymers or copper-based biocides have been shown to be efficient in inactivating pathogens (36)(37)(38)(39)(40).…”