Virucidal and antiviral effects of Thymus vulgaris essential oil on feline coronavirus

Catella, Cristiana; Camero, Michele; Lucente, Maria Stella; Fracchiolla, Giuseppe; Sblano, Sabina; Tempesta, Maria; Martella, Vito; Buonavoglia, Canio; Lanave, Gianvito

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.024

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…These drugs have a wide spectrum of biological action, which makes it possible to use them for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including coronaviral ones [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The special interest should be attracted to the plants of Lamiaceae genus, as they are rich in phenolic compounds [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The properties of flavone baicalin as a component of anti-coronavirus drugs are currently being actively studied [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hairy Roots of Scutellaria spp. (Lamiaceae) as Promising Producers of Antiviral Flavones

et al. 2021

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We measured and studied the growth parameters and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the flavones of hairy roots of the Scutellaria genus: S. lateriflora, S. przewalskii and S. pycnoclada. Hairy roots were obtained using wild-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 by co-cultivation of explants (cotyledons) in a suspension of Agrobacterium. The presence of the rol-genes was confirmed by PCR analysis. The hairy roots of the most studied plant from the Scutellaria genus, S. baicalensis, were obtained earlier and used as a reference sample. HPLC-MS showed the predominance of four main flavones (baicalin, baicalein, wogonin and wogonoside) in the methanol extracts of the studied hairy roots. In addition to the four main flavones, the other substances which are typical to the aerial part of plants were found in all the extracts: apigenin, apigetrin, scutellarin and chrysin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide. According to the total content of flavones, the hairy roots of the studied skullcaps form the following series: S. przewalskii (33 mg/g dry weight) > S. baicalensis (17.04 mg/g dry weight) > S. pycnoclada (12.9 mg/g dry weight) > S. lateriflora (4.57 mg/g dry weight). Therefore, the most promising producer of anti-coronavirus flavones is S. przewalskii.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hairy Roots of Scutellaria spp. (Lamiaceae) as Promising Producers of Antiviral Flavones

et al. 2021

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“…Thyme essential oil has previously shown effectiveness against several RNA viruses including human and feline coronaviruses. This created outlooks for future applications and therapeutic possibilities for coronaviruses and modeling feline infection for the study of antivirals against human coronaviruses [ 133 ]. Javed and Colleagues [ 134 ] reviewed the biological and pharmacological properties of carvacrol within the scope of COVID-19.…”

Section: Biological Activity Of Thymementioning

confidence: 99%

A Focused Insight into Thyme: Biological, Chemical, and Therapeutic Properties of an Indigenous Mediterranean Herb

et al. 2022

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A perennial wild shrub from the Lamiaceae family and native to the Mediterranean region, thyme is considered an important wild edible plant studied for centuries for its unique importance in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry. Thyme is loaded with phytonutrients, minerals and vitamins. It is pungent in taste, yet rich in moisture, proteins, crude fiber, minerals and vitamins. Its chemical composition may vary with geographical location but is mainly composed of flavonoids and antioxidants. Previous studies have illustrated the therapeutic effects of thyme and its essential oils, especially thymol and carvacrol, against various diseases. This is attributed to its multi-pharmacological properties that include, but are not limited to, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic actions. Moreover, thyme has long been known for its antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiseptic activities, in addition to remarkable disruption of microbial biofilms. In the COVID-19 era, some thyme constituents were investigated for their potential in viral binding. As such, thyme presents a wide range of functional possibilities in food, drugs, and other fields and prominent interest as a nutraceutical. The aims of the current review are to present botanical and nutritive values of this herb, elaborate its major constituents, and review available literature on its dietetic and biological activities.

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“…EOs and their compounds have attracted particular attention for their reported beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral properties [100]. Their antiviral properties have been increasingly researched due to the current COVID-19 pandemic scenario worldwide.…”

Section: Botanical Sources Of Eos With Potential Anti-sars-cov-2 Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of the Potential of Essential Oils against SARS-CoV-2 from In Silico Studies through the Systematic Review Using a Chemometric Approach

et al. 2021

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Essential oils (EOs) and their compounds have attracted particular attention for their reported beneficial properties, especially their antiviral potential. However, data regarding their anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential are scarce in the literature. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most promising EO compounds against SARS-CoV-2 based on their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties. A systematic literature search retrieved 1669 articles; 40 met the eligibility criteria, and 35 were eligible for analysis. These studies resulted in 465 EO compounds evaluated against 11 human and/or SARS-CoV-2 target proteins. Ninety-four EO compounds and seven reference drugs were clustered by the highest predicted binding affinity. Furthermore, 41 EO compounds showed suitable drug-likeness and bioactivity score indices (≥0.67). Among these EO compounds, 15 were considered the most promising against SARS-CoV-2 with the ADME/T index ranging from 0.86 to 0.81. Some plant species were identified as EO potential sources with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, such as Melissa officinalis Arcang, Zataria multiflora Boiss, Eugenia brasiliensis Cambess, Zingiber zerumbet Triboun & K.Larsen, Cedrus libani A.Rich, and Vetiveria zizanoides Nash. Our work can help fill the gap in the literature and guide further in vitro and in vivo studies, intending to optimize the finding of effective EOs against COVID-19.

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Virucidal and antiviral effects of Thymus vulgaris essential oil on feline coronavirus

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Hairy Roots of Scutellaria spp. (Lamiaceae) as Promising Producers of Antiviral Flavones

Hairy Roots of Scutellaria spp. (Lamiaceae) as Promising Producers of Antiviral Flavones

A Focused Insight into Thyme: Biological, Chemical, and Therapeutic Properties of an Indigenous Mediterranean Herb

An Evaluation of the Potential of Essential Oils against SARS-CoV-2 from In Silico Studies through the Systematic Review Using a Chemometric Approach

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