Virucidal Activity of Alcohols Virucidal Efficiency of Alcohols Against Viruses in Liquid Phase

Noda, Nobuji; Watanabe, Minoru; Yamada, Fujizo; Fujimoto, Susumu

doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.55.355

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…1819 In contrast to 2-propanol, 1-propanol has been shown to have good activity against adenovirus. 20 One special feature of this outbreak was that it was not recognized until healthcare workers were affected. Different signs in adults and newborns may have been the reason for the difficult recognition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in a Pediatric Unit Due to Adenovirus Type 8

Chaberny

Schnitzler

Geiss

et al. 2003

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in a Pediatric Unit Due to Adenovirus Type 8

Chaberny

Schnitzler

Geiss

et al. 2003

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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“…The reasons for this differential sensitivity of viruses to alcohols are presumed to result from the hydrophobic / hydrophilic nature of the viral particles. The hydrophilic PV is more susceptible to ethanol and the more hydrophobic AdV and polyomavirus SV40 are more susceptible to both propanols [ 36 , 40 ]. An improvement in activity can be achieved by re-formulation of alcohol solutions with additional ingredients that may enhance the activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and virucidal activity of a novel alcohol-based hand disinfectant supplemented with urea and citric acid

Ionidis¹,

Hübscher²,

Jack³

et al. 2016

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundHand disinfectants are important for the prevention of virus transmission in the health care system and environment. The development of broad antiviral spectrum hand disinfectants with activity against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses is limited due to a small number of permissible active ingredients able to inactivate viruses.MethodsA new hand disinfectant was developed based upon 69.39 % w/w ethanol and 3.69 % w/w 2-propanol. Different amounts of citric acid and urea were added in order to create a virucidal claim against poliovirus (PV), adenovirus type 5 (AdV) and polyomavirus SV40 (SV40) as non-enveloped test viruses in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) as soil load. The exposure time was fixed to 60 s.ResultsWith the addition of 2.0 % citric acid and 2.0 % urea an activity against the three test viruses was achieved demonstrating a four log10 reduction of viral titers. Furthermore, this formulation was able to inactivate PV, AdV, SV40 and murine norovirus (MNV) in quantitative suspension assays according to German and European Guidelines within 60 s creating a virucidal claim. For inactivation of vaccinia virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus 15 s exposure time were needed to demonstrate a 4 log10 reduction resulting in a claim against enveloped viruses. Additionally, it is the first hand disinfectant passing a carrier test with AdV and MNV.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this new formulation with a low alcohol content, citric acid and urea is capable of inactivating all enveloped and non-enveloped viruses as indicated in current guidelines and thereby contributing as valuable addition to the hand disinfection portfolio.

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“…66 Other experts recommended an inhalation with ethanol vapor [67][68] and helium-oxygen mixture, 69 since those methods had already been applied to similar cases before. [70][71][72] Plant derived medicines, including extracts of Artemisia, Isatis or Colchicum as well as green and black tea, and various complex prescriptions were also used either for prophylaxis or for combined therapy. [73][74][75][76][77][78] During the early days of the COVID-19 epidemic, doctors in Russia used their own treatment protocols, that resulted in very low mortality, and even raised questions and skepticism from the international medical community.…”

Section: Treatment Of Covid-19 At Initial Phase Of Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Three Phases of the Pandemic. Dynamics Of Cases, Deaths And Tests Related To SARS-CoV-2 A Systematic Analysis of 213 Countries and Territories

Teppone¹

2022

Preprint

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Background. January 2021 marked one year since the start of COVID-19 pandemic: it is the time of intermediate conclusions. Objective. To evaluate CFR and IFR due to COVID-19 in various countries and territories, and to study if parameters of a population age affect CFR and IFR. Material and Methods. The databases of 219 countries were collected on the Worldometers, Index Mundi, Country Meters and World Bank websites. The processing of data was divided into two parts: the first part dealt with the calculation and analysis of CFR while the second, the calculation and analysis of IFR. Results. The calculations revealed that in 74 out of 219 countries, CFR was less than 1.00 %, in 69 countries it varied between 1.00 % and 2.00 %, and in 76 countries it was more than 2.00 %. The calculation of IFR revealed that in 183 countries, IFR was less than 1.00 %, in 22 countries IFR was between 1.00 % and 2.00 %, and only in 14 out of 219 countries IFR was more than 2.00 %. A correlation between IFR and parameters of a population age was found: the less median age and the percentage of 'aged' people – the less value of IFR, although, there was no correlation between parameters of a population age and CFR. Conclusion. The global health care system has gone through a year of serious trial caused by COVID-19 and appeared to have emerged victorious. In the majority of countries analyzed, the parameters of mortality due to COVID-19 were at a low level. So, there seems to be an objective basis for optimism and hope for an early end to the pandemic.

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Virucidal Activity of Alcohols Virucidal Efficiency of Alcohols Against Viruses in Liquid Phase

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

An Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in a Pediatric Unit Due to Adenovirus Type 8

An Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in a Pediatric Unit Due to Adenovirus Type 8

Development and virucidal activity of a novel alcohol-based hand disinfectant supplemented with urea and citric acid

COVID-19: Three Phases of the Pandemic. Dynamics Of Cases, Deaths And Tests Related To SARS-CoV-2 A Systematic Analysis of 213 Countries and Territories

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