Virucidal activity and mechanism of action of cetylpyridinium chloride against SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Recent studies have shown the importance of the throat and salivary glands as sites of virus replication and transmission. The viral host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is broadly enriched in epithelial cells of the salivary glands and oral mucosae. Oral care products containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a bactericidal ingredient are known to exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. However, the exact mechanism of action remains unknown. Methods: This study examined the antiviral activity of CPC against SARS-CoV-2 and its inhibitory effect on the interaction between the viral spike (S) protein and ACE2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: CPC (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.3%) effectively inactivated SARS-CoV-2 within the contact times (20 and 60 s) in directions for use of oral care products in vitro. The binding ability of both the S protein and ACE2 were reduced by CPC. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CPC inhibits the interaction between S protein and ACE2, and thus, reduces infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and suppresses viral adsorption.

Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data

“…Both duration of administration and sampling site affect perceptions of efficacy. Formulations including hydrogen peroxide, benzalkonium chloride, dequalinium chloride, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, octenidine dihydrochloride, povidone–iodine, alkaline solutions, ethanol, hexetidine, cyclodextrin, polyaminopropyl biguanide, bioflavonoids, hypochlorous acid, delmopinol, silver nanoparticles, combination surfactants, essential oils, hydroxyapatite, glycyrrhizic acid, and/or sodium fluoride have been assessed 150,154,169,172,174–186 . Efficacy during in vitro or in vivo experiments has yielded variable results.…”

“…Others found reduced efficacy for hydrogen peroxide and chlorhexidine 150,177,179,180 . Cetylpyridinium chloride in various dilutions inactivates virus, and the mechanism of action in part appears to be related to the interruption of the Spike protein/receptor complex 150,169,186 . The degree of product dilution has a considerable impact 150,176 .…”

¿Puede el uso de enjuagues bucales con cloruro de cetilpiridinio reducir la transmisión del SARS-CoV-2?

“…El trabajo de Okamato et al (21) investigó el efecto anti-SARS-CoV-2 del CPC mediante un ensayo de placa viral en células VeroE6. La cepa procedía de un paciente que desarrolló COVID-19 en el barco Diamond Princess.…”