Virtually Real

You, Sukkyung; Kim, Euikyung; Lee, Donguk

doi:10.1177/1555412015581087

Cited by 67 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Although the prevailing perspective on playereavatar relations is that player identification with an avatar is a key differentiator (e.g., Li, Liau, Khoo, 2013;Van Looy, Courtois, De Vocht, & De Marez, 2012;You, Kim, & Lee, 2015), the emergent and confirmed PAX factors together reveal that differences in players' engagement of avatars rely more heavily on the degree to which the avatar is differentiated from the self. That is, when viewed through the lens of a sociality continuum, the degree to which a player sees a game character as legitimately existing on its own in a human-like fashion is more important than the degree to which it seen as being similar to the player: it is a matter of phenomenal divergence rather than convergence as the avatar is engaged as an 'it,' a 'me,' or part of a 'we.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emotion, anthropomorphism, realism, control: Validation of a merged metric for player–avatar interaction (PAX)

Banks

Bowman

2016

Computers in Human Behavior

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emotion, anthropomorphism, realism, control: Validation of a merged metric for player–avatar interaction (PAX)

Banks

Bowman

2016

Computers in Human Behavior

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“…[127], in their online survey. Three studies [65,119,122] applied the Body Image Questionnaire [121].…”

Section: Mößle and Rehbein (2013) [132•]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Who Am I” and “How Should I Be”: a Systematic Review on Self-Concept and Avatar Identification in Gaming Disorder

et al. 2020

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Purpose of Review Gaming disorder (GD) appears to be associated with self-concept deficits and increased identification with one's avatar. The goal of this literature review is to highlight study findings assessing psychological and neurobiological correlates of self-concept-related characteristics and avatar identification in GD. Recent Findings The review was based on three literature researches on GD: (1) self-esteem, (2) emotional, social, and academic self-concept domains and avatar identification, and (3) neurobiological correlates of self-concept and avatar identification. The results indicate that GD is associated with decreased self-esteem as well as deficits in physical, social, and emotional self-concept domains. A relatively stable relationship between higher avatar identification and GD was reported in addicted gamers. Furthermore, addicted gamers showed increased activation of brain regions associated with Theory-of-Mind processing while contemplating their own avatar. Summary The results point towards impairments in self-concept and increased identification with the virtual gaming character in addicted gamers. This virtual compensation fosters the formation of an idealized self-concept, which grows increasingly distant from their own self-image. Thus, additional empirically based psychological interventions should focus on the development of a realistic self-image by reducing the dysfunctional discrepancy between the ideal self and the real self.

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“…This concurs with previous cross-sectional studies referring to emerging adults and MMO players (Blinka, 2008; Smahel, Blinka, & Ledabyl, 2008;Yee, 2006a), as well as findings showing that longer playing time is associated with higher GAR (Muller et al, 2015; Ng & WiemerHastings, 2005). The findings could be due to the higher levels of identification and immersion between the gamer and the avatar involved in stronger GAR, and the increased gameplay that results from such a relationship (Badrinarayanan et al, 2014; Blinka, 2008;Yee, 2006aYee, , 2006bYou, Kim, & Lee, 2015). More specifically, MMO games allow (if not invite) players to imbue their avatars with, not only their own intrinsic and/or physical characteristics, but also with their idealized characteristics (Bessiere et al, 2007).…”

Section: Gamer-avatar Relationship and Internet Gaming Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression, Internet Gaming Disorder, and the Moderating Effect of the Gamer-Avatar Relationship: an Exploratory Longitudinal Study

Burleigh

Stavropoulos

Liew

et al. 2017

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Research into Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) literature largely uses cross-sectional designs and seldom examines gaming context-related factors. Therefore, the present study combined a cross-sectional and longitudinal design to examine depression and the gamer-avatar relationship (GAR) as risk factors in the development of IGD among emerging adults. IGD behaviors of 125 gamers (64 online gamers, Mage = 23.3 years, SD= 3.4; 61 offline gamers, Mage = 23.0 years, SD= 3.4) were assessed using the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form (IGDS-SF9; Pontes & Griffiths, 2015). The Self-Presence Scale (Ratan & Dawson, 2015) and the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) were also used to assess gamers' levels of GAR and depressive symptoms respectively. Regression and moderation analyses revealed that depression and the GAR act as individual risk factors in the development of IGD over time. Furthermore, the GAR exacerbates the IGD risk effect of depression.Keywords: Internet Gaming Disorder; Video gaming; Gamer-avatar relationship; Online addiction; Depression 3 IntroductionThe expansion of online gaming has led to excessive and potentially problematic gaming among a small minority of individuals (Pontes & Griffiths, 2014). The first commercial video games made their debut in the US in the 1970s, and by the early 1980s reports of video gaming addiction began to appear in academic literature (Kowert & Quandt, 2015). In the 2000s there was a substantial growth in video game playing, video game addiction, and associated research (Griffiths, 2015). As the medium has developed, it has enabled an online environment where gamers can gather virtually and create global online communities (Griffiths, 2015). Consequently, there has been a significant growth over the last decade of research examining both online video gaming and video game addiction (Griffiths, van Rooij et al., 2016; Petry et al., 2014; Petry et al., 2014).Various terms have been employed to define excessive online video gameplay such as 'problem video game playing', 'video game addiction', 'internet gaming addiction', 'pathological video game use', 'problem video game play', 'online gaming addiction', 'video game dependency', 'pathological gaming', and 'problematic online gaming ' (Pontes & Griffiths, 2014). The wide variety of names, definitions, and diagnostic instruments applied to problematic video gaming has resulted in inconsistencies among researchers considering the prevalence of the behavior (King, Haagsma, Delfabbro, Gradisar, & Griffiths, 2013; Kuss & Griffiths, 2012a; Petry et al., 2014). In May 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013) introduced the classification of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD; i.e., the problematic use of online video games) as a condition worthy of further study in the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).Literature reviews have identified a diagnostic overlap between studies that had previously investigated problem...

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Virtually Real

Cited by 67 publications

References 28 publications

Emotion, anthropomorphism, realism, control: Validation of a merged metric for player–avatar interaction (PAX)

Emotion, anthropomorphism, realism, control: Validation of a merged metric for player–avatar interaction (PAX)

“Who Am I” and “How Should I Be”: a Systematic Review on Self-Concept and Avatar Identification in Gaming Disorder

Depression, Internet Gaming Disorder, and the Moderating Effect of the Gamer-Avatar Relationship: an Exploratory Longitudinal Study

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