Virtual water management and the water–energy nexus: A case study of three Mid-Atlantic states

Wang, Young‐Doo; Lee, Jae Seung; Agbemabiese, Lawrence; Zame, Kenneth Kofiga; Kang, Sang Bum

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.01.005

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Summing up the national WS of each category of food grains gives total national WS. WS result from differences in water productivities, for instance, if water needed at the site of production (exported from/export) is lower than the site of consumption (exported to/import) [ Chapagain and Hoekstra , ; Chapagain et al ., ; Wang et al ., ]. This means water is saved in movement of goods from higher to lower water productivity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of interstate virtual water flows embedded in agriculture to mitigate water scarcity in India (1996–2014)

Katyaini

Barua

2017

Water Resources Research

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India is the largest global freshwater user despite being highly water scarce. Agriculture is largest consumer of water and is most affected by water scarcity. Water scarcity is a persistent challenge in India, due to a gap in science and policy spheres. Virtual Water (VW) flows concept to mitigate water scarcity is at the science‐policy interface. The paper aims to address the gap in VW research in India by first analyzing the interstate VW‐flows embedded in food grains, and then linking these VW‐flows with the water scarcity situation in the states, and elements of state and national water policies for the postreforms, and recovery periods of India's agriculture. There were net water savings (WS) of 207.5 PL during 1996–2014, indicating sustainable flows at the national level. WS increased from 11.2 TL/yr (1996–2005) to 25931.7 TL/yr (2005–2014), with the increase in interstate movement of food grains, and yield. However, unsustainable flows are seen at subnational scale, as VW‐flows are from highly water‐scarce states in North to highly water‐scarce states in West and South. These flows are causing a concentration of water scarcity in water‐scarce zones/states. Net VW imports were found to be driven by larger population and net VW exports by arable land. Further, the absence of state water policy cripples water management. Therefore, the paper argues that there is a need to rethink policy decisions on agriculture at the national and state level by internalizing water as a factor of production, through VW research.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of interstate virtual water flows embedded in agriculture to mitigate water scarcity in India (1996–2014)

Katyaini

Barua

2017

Water Resources Research

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“…Social equity is considered to be subjective and it cannot be analyzed scientifically [ 13 ], but some quantitative comparative analyses have been conducted to explore various issues since 2013, such as the ecological and social effectiveness of programs and tradeoffs [ 14 ]. According to previous studies, the social impacts of PES are mainly related to equity, well-being, poverty, and property rights, or they are collectively referred to as livelihoods in some studies [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventional Impacts of Watershed Ecological Compensation on Regional Economic Differences: Evidence from Xin’an River, China

Chen

2020

IJERPH

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Watershed ecological compensation (WEC) is a popular and effective policy instrument for promoting the coordinated development of environment protection and the regional economy in river basin areas. WEC affects the regional economic differences between upstream and downstream regions, as well as between protected areas and areas surrounding upstream regions. Thus, it is necessary to quantify these changes to ensure the balanced development of regions after the implementation of ecological compensation. In the present study, we established two types of Theil indexes for between-group inequalities (THH and THS) and an intervention analysis model in order to evaluate and predict the effects on regional economic differences caused by WEC in the Xin’an River basin. The results showed that the intervention comprising WEC affected regional economic differences, where the economic gap widened between Huangshan City in the upstream region and Hangzhou City in the downstream region, as well as between Huangshan and its surrounding cities. However, the impacts of the intervention gradually decreased in the later pilot period. Considering the fairness of regional social development, we recommend increasing the compensation for protected areas in order to improve the self-development capacity of upstream regions.

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“…The concept of WF was first introduced by Hoekstra (2003) and has been used in many studies in the field of freshwater resources management (Gerbens-Leenes et al, 2009;Tian, 2013;Ababaei and Ramezani Etedali, 2014;Antonelli and Sartori, 2015;Chukalla et al, 2015;Pahlow et al, 2015;Schyns et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015;Zhuo et al, 2016;Ababaei and Ramezani Etedali, 2017). The WF is defined as the volume of consumed or polluted water for producing a product and it is calculated over its whole production chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Cropping Pattern of Main Cereals and Improving Water Productivity: Application of the Water Footprint Concept

Etedali

Ahmadaali

Gorgin

et al. 2019

Irrigation and Drainage

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Different components of water footprint (WF) (green, blue, grey and white) and WF volume (WFV) were estimated for three main cereal crops in Iran (wheat, barley and maize) in the main cereal‐producing provinces. In order to classify the selected provinces according to their corresponding WFVs, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied for clustering the WFV of maize, barley and wheat in irrigated and rainfed conditions. Then, the linear programming (LP) technique was used to determine the optimal cultivated area for cereals in order to minimize the total national WFV in irrigated and rainfed lands. The WFV of wheat, barley and maize production in irrigated lands were estimated to be 25 100, 5980 and 4610 Mm3 yr−1, respectively, under the current practice. The optimized values of WFV under irrigated conditions were 877, 338 and 374 Mm3 yr−1 lower than the current values, implying nearly 3.5, 5.7 and 8.1% achievable reductions. The reduction in rainfed lands was estimated to be 332 Mm3 yr−1 or 2.9% for wheat (from 11 300 to 11 000 Mm3 year−1) and 338 Mm3 yr−1 or 5.7% for barley (from 5950 to 5610 Mm3 yr−1). The results show that by optimizing the cultivated area of the main cereals in Iran, 2,210 Mm3 yr−1 or 4.5% of the national WFV could be saved. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Virtual water management and the water–energy nexus: A case study of three Mid-Atlantic states

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Assessment of interstate virtual water flows embedded in agriculture to mitigate water scarcity in India (1996–2014)

Assessment of interstate virtual water flows embedded in agriculture to mitigate water scarcity in India (1996–2014)

Interventional Impacts of Watershed Ecological Compensation on Regional Economic Differences: Evidence from Xin’an River, China

Optimization of the Cropping Pattern of Main Cereals and Improving Water Productivity: Application of the Water Footprint Concept

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