Virtual Victory

Abstract

Where do offensive cyber operations (OCOs) fit in modern military strategy? No capability, warfighting domain, or approach works in a vacuum. Cyber can and does fit in a joint operations doctrine, but it requires acknowledging its unique circumstances, advantages and disadvantages. This chapter analyses the applicability of military concepts to OCOs. Where do they fit, and to what end? While event-based operations skew more heavily towards tactical, battlefield outcomes, presence-based operations facilitate deceptive surprise and may even result in strategic outcomes at the campaign level. One of the biggest failings of modern militaries is their incorrect application of cyber capabilities alongside kinetic or even other intangible means. Knowing how, when and where to exercise the unique force made available through OCOs can make the difference between an investment wasted and a key enabler of success. Cyber operations will never single-handedly win a war, but they can make a difference if used correctly. This chapter reviews military concepts and their application to cyber-warfare, including economy of force, centers of gravity, deception and the notion of asymmetry.