Virtual trees and light capture: a method for optimizing agroforestry stand design

Leroy, Céline; Sabatier, Sylvie-Annabel; Wahyuni, Novi Sari; Barczi, Jean‐François; Dauzat, Jean; Laurans, Marilyne; Auclair, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s10457-009-9232-z

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The tree induces a heterogeneous light environment for the crop species below. A tree canopy leads to a typical sunfleck regime, varying, on one hand, within a time frame of seconds to minutes due to penetration of the sun through the canopy and wind induced movements, and on the other hand over days, months and years depending on the path of the sun, tree planting density, silvicultural practices and tree phenological stage (Leroy et al, 2009;Liu, 1991;Talbot and Dupraz, 2012). Alterations of light quantity and quality during the cropping season will induce physiological and morphological changes for the crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry

Artru

Garré

Dupraz

et al. 2017

European Journal of Agronomy

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a b s t r a c tA stumbling block to the adoption of silvoarable agroforestry systems is the lack of quantitative knowledge on the performance of different crops when competing for resources with trees. In North-Western Europe, light is likely to be the principal limiting resource for understorey crops, and most agronomic studies show a systematic reduction of final yield as shade increases. However the intensity of the crop response depends on both the environmental conditions and the shade characteristics. This study addressed the issue by monitoring winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, productivity and quality under artificial shade provided by military camouflage shade-netting, and using the Hi-sAFe model to relate the artificial shade conditions to those applying in agroforestry systems.The field experiment was carried out over two consecutive years (2013-14 and 2014-15) on the experimental farm of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgium. The shade structures recreated two shade conditions: periodic shade (PS) and continuous shade (CS), with the former using overlapping military camouflage netting to provide discontinuous light through the day, and the latter using conventional shade cloth. The experiment simulated shading from a canopy of late-flushing hybrid walnut leaves above winter wheat. Shading was imposed 16 (2013-14) and 10 (2014-15) days before flowering and retained until harvest. The crop experienced full light conditions until the maximum leaf area index stage (LAI max ) had been reached. In both years, LAI followed the same dynamics between the different treatments, but in 2013-2014 an attack of the take-all disease (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) reduced yields overall and prevented significant treatment effects. In season 2014-15 the decrease in global radiation reaching the crop during a period of 66 days (CS: -61% and PS: -43%) significantly affected final yield (CS: -45% and PS: -25%), mainly through a reduction of the average grain weight and the number of grain per m 2 . Grain protein content increased by up to 45% under the CS treatment in 2015. Nevertheless, at the plot scale, protein yield (t/ha) did not compensate for the final grain yield decrease.The Hi-sAFe model was used to simulate an agroforestry plot with two lines of walnut trees running either north-south or east-west. The levels of artificial shade levels applied in this experiment were compared to those predicted beneath trees growing with similar climatic conditions in Belgium. The levels used in the CS treatment are only likely to occur real agroforestry conditions on 10% of the cropped area until the trees are 30 years old and only with east-west tree row orientation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry

Artru

Garré

Dupraz

et al. 2017

European Journal of Agronomy

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“…Apart from nutrient and moisture, distribution of light transmitted under tree canopies is a limiting factor for the development of intercrops particularly at grain formation, which reduces supply of assimilates to the developing grains (Dufour et al, 2012). The light available for intercrops depend on quantity of light intercepted by tree canopies and consequently on the architecture of the tree species present in the alley cropping system (Leroy et al, 2009). Shading is known to change quality of light reaching the understory canopy; overhead canopies absorb mostly the red and blue portion of the solar spectrum so that diffuse of radiation will be rich in orange, yellow and green wavelengths to influence the amount of growth regulating hormones and thereby growth (Baraldi et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In agroforestry systems, reduction in yield of wheat is generally observed under the shade of tree crown due to resource competition (Puri and Bangarwa, 1992). Light available for intercrops depends on the quantity of light intercepted by tree canopies, and consequently, on the architecture of tree species present (Leroy et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effect of Integrated Nitrogen Management on Wheat Production in Acacia nilotica- and Eucalyptus camaldulensis-based Alley Cropping Systems

Awan¹,

Siddiqui²,

Mahmood³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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Rapidly increasing population and shrinking farm resources are threatening the future of food security in developing countries. Under such conditions, development of agroforestry systems to meet the increasing demand of food, forage and wood is urgently needed. The objective of present research was to evaluate comparative effect of nitrogen management sources viz inorganic and organic on wheat production in Acacia nilotica-and Eucalyptus camaldulensis-based agroforestry systems established in saline environments. Three experiments were conducted at Biosaline Research Station, Pakka Anna, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan for two consecutive wheat cropping years (2011)(2012)(2013). Agroforestry systems included Acacia-and Eucalyptus-wheat based systems in addition to sole wheat cropping in open field conditions. Experimental treatments comprised of nitrogen fertilizer 60, 120 kg ha -1 and farmyard manure 20 Mg ha -1 each alone and in different combinations in addition to a control -with no nitrogen and farmyard manure applied in randomized complete block design. Application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer separately or combined under open and agroforestry systems influenced wheat crop. The results showed that different nitrogen levels had significant (p<0.05) effect on number of productive tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield in each alley cropping system. Performance of yield contributing attributes was found the best in open field system whereas reduction was observed in Acacia-and Eucalyptus-wheat based systems to varying extent. Based on two years average, maximum grain yield was obtained in open field followed by Acacia-and Eucalyptus-wheat based systems with application of N 60 kg+ FYM 20 Mg ha -1. These results suggest that farmers may adopt Acacia-based agroforestry systems for wheat production as compared to Eucalyptus-based systems for wheat productions in salt-affected areas.

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“…To address this topic, models were developed describing the cycle of organic matter and nutrients (Alpízar et al 1986;Fassbender et al 1988;Beer et al 1990;Dudley and Fownes 1992;Fuwape et al 2001;Cole and Ewel 2006;Segura et al 2006), the hydrological cycle (Imbach et al 1989;Roupsard et al 2006;Köhler et al 2009) and radiative transfer in agroforestry systems (Dauzat and Eroy 1997;MialetSerra et al 2001;Leroy et al 2005;Lamanda et al 2008;Roupsard et al 2008;Leroy et al 2009;Quesada and Somarriba 2009). These models often require information on species-specific structural features of shade trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the model 'ShadeMotion 2.0' by Quesada and Somarriba (2009) for the simulation of shading pattern of tree shades requires information on trunk height, crown length, crown radius and crown shape to depict different tree species. Some attempts to model the structure of tropical shade tree species as Acacia mangium, Cocos nucifera and Tectona grandis were made by Leroy et al (2009) and Dauzat and Eroy (1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometric relationships of frequently used shade tree species in cacao agroforestry systems in Sulawesi, Indonesia

2013

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Shade trees play an important role within agroforestry systems by influencing radiation and wind regimes as well as nutrient and hydrological cycling. However, there is a lack of quantitative assessments of their functions. One of the reasons is the rare information on structural characteristics of shade tree species. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide basic information on the structure of frequently used shade tree species for the implementation of models simulating the ecosystem processes in agroforestry systems. The investigation of the shade trees was conducted at two cacao agroforestry sites on Sulawesi, Indonesia. The measurements of the main structural parameters: diameter at breast height, tree height, trunk height, crown length and crown radius were carried out for the shade tree species Aleurites moluccana, Cocos nucifera and Gliricidia sepium. For data collection, the National Forest Inventory Field Manual Template by FAO (2004) was applied. Based on this information allometric functions were derived for the correspondent shade tree species. The best significant relationships were obtained for the heightcrown length relationship of the dicotyledonous tree species' A. moluccana and G. sepium with a coefficient of determination r 2 = 0.925 and r 2 = 0.738, respectively, and the height-crown length relationship of the monocotyledonous palm C. nucifera with r 2 = 0.663. The transferability tests 'analysis of covariance' and 'homogeneity of slopes' have shown that the obtained allometric functions are also applicable to other cacao agroforestry systems of the region.

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Virtual trees and light capture: a method for optimizing agroforestry stand design

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry

Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth and yield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry

Interactive Effect of Integrated Nitrogen Management on Wheat Production in Acacia nilotica- and Eucalyptus camaldulensis-based Alley Cropping Systems

Allometric relationships of frequently used shade tree species in cacao agroforestry systems in Sulawesi, Indonesia

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