Virtual target approach-based optimal guidance law with both impact time and terminal angle constraints

Multi-Constrained Geometric Guidance Law with a Data-Driven Method

“…To facilitate analytical analysis, the following assumptions are made [10,14,18]: (1) The UAV and target are assumed to be mass points. (2) Compared with the UAV, the target's velocity is low and can be considered static.…”

“…Three performance indicators, namely miss distance, impact time, and impact angle, should be satisfied simultaneously during cluster flight. Therefore, impact time and angle control guidance (ITACG) laws have attracted extensive attention in both the academic and industrial worlds [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

“…Lee et al [9] proposed the first ITACG law based on optimal control theory, which consists of a feedback loop and an additional control command. In [10], a two-phase optimal ITACG law based on the virtual target method is proposed, which is suitable for all-around control in planar formations under admissible initial conditions and predetermined terminal constraints. The guidance problem is described as an optimal control model with discontinuities in [11], and an iterative guidance method is used to realize multi-constrained control.…”

“…Different from references [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], the proposed guidance method overcomes the reliance on accurate time-to-go estimation, which is quite difficult under time-varying velocities. The proposed method achieves better performance in terms of impact time and angle under time-varying velocity.…”