Virtual Surgical Planning for Mandibular Reconstruction With the Fibula Free Flap

Abstract

Background The fibula free flap (FFF) remains the criterion standard for complex mandibular reconstruction. Surgeons have incorporated virtual surgical planning (VSP) into the reconstructive algorithm with the assertion that VSP increases operative efficiency and may improve clinical outcomes. To date, no large-scale studies have analyzed these claims. This study examines the literature and tests the hypothesis that VSP improves operative efficiency, clinical outcomes, and accuracy when compared with traditional techniques. Methods A systematic review was performed to identify articles utilizing VSP and traditional techniques for FFF-based mandibular reconstruction. Two reviewers independently assessed all articles for methodological quality using a validated instrument (weighted Cohen κ for interrater reliability = 0.70). Outcomes included operative time, length of stay, complications, and accuracy. Meta-analytic comparisons were performed using data from comparative studies using a random-effects model and differences of means analysis for outcomes measured on identical scales. Results One hundred thirty-one articles were identified, and 25 met the inclusion criteria: 12 were VSP only, whereas 13 were comparative. There were 241 VSP patients and 214 traditional patients available for meta-analysis. Patients undergoing reconstruction with VSP had a significant reduction in operative time by 44.64 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI], −74.69 to −14.58 minutes; P < 0.01) and demonstrated a mean trend toward shorter hospital admission (mean difference, −1.24 days; 95% CI, −4.00 to 1.52 days; P = 0.38). There was no statistical difference between cohorts for major (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.46–2.31; P = 0.95) or minor complications (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.54–1.71; P = 0.90). Insufficient data were available for cost analysis and accuracy. Conclusions Virtual surgical planning–guided mandibular reconstruction with FFF is associated with significantly decreased operative time and a mean trend toward shorter hospital admission. While multiple studies reported a high degree of accuracy, no standard measurement was available for meta-analysis.

Current trends in midface reconstruction and use of virtual surgical planning

“…These provisions might allow for its more seamless integration into clinical practice. Some surgeons prefer to utilize internal software and 3D printers for planning and guides, which allows for less expensive options with a reduction in manufacturing time [29][30][31][32][33] . While more cost-effective, this method is more demanding of the surgeon's time and requires surgeon experience and comfort with the software.…”

Complication of osteo reconstruction by utilizing free vascularized fibular bone graft

“…Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) technology [84] in mandibular reconstruction has been reported with higher accuracy which allowed better functional outcome [85]. The short and flat morphologic characteristics of fibular graft does not match well with the unique and three-dimensional parabolic shape of the mandible.…”

Maxillofacial reconstruction with prefabricated prelaminated osseous free flaps

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