Virtual Stonehenge Reconstruction

Unver, Ertu; Taylor, Andrew

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34234-9_46

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As many of Stonehenge's stones are fallen or missing today, digital modelling was used to create impulse responses representing what the space sounded like in the past. A model of Stonehenge was created by this author and colleagues [41] using point clouds of individual stones provided by English Heritage [42]. DXF (a standard digital graphical modelling format) graphical files of this new model were imported into Odeon acoustics software, which then generated impulse responses for pairs of source and receiver positions.…”

Section: Stonehengementioning

confidence: 99%

Sound Archaeology: A Study of the Acoustics of Three World Heritage Sites, Spanish Prehistoric Painted Caves, Stonehenge, and Paphos Theatre

Till

2019

Acoustics

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This paper explores the acoustics of three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: five caves in Spain that feature prehistoric paintings that are up to 40,000 years old; Stonehenge stone circle in England, which is over 4000 years old; and Paphos Theatre in Cyprus, which is 2000 years old. Issues with standard acoustic methods are discussed, and a range of different possible approaches are explored for sound archaeology studies, also known as archaeoacoustics. The context of the three sites are examined followed by an analysis of their acoustic properties. Firstly, early decay time is explored, including a comparison of these sites to contemporary concert halls. Subsequently, reverberation, clarity of speech, and bass response are examined. Results show that the caves have a wide range of different naturally occurring acoustics, including reverberation, and strong bass effects. Stonehenge has acoustics that change as the design of the site develops, with some similarities to the effects in the caves. Acoustic effects vary considerably as you move further into the centre of the stone circle, and as the stone circle develops through time; these effects would be noticeable, and are a by-product of the human building of ritual sites. At Paphos Theatre, acoustics vary from the best seats on the front rows, backwards; here, the architects have considered acoustics in the design of the building. The paper illustrates the changing acoustics of ritual sites in human cultures, showing how sound contributed to giving spaces an individual character, helping to afford a sense of contextualized ritual place.Acoustics 2019, 1 662 present in different archaeological contexts and periods. This paper provides a number of novel perspectives. While previous studies of the acoustics of these and other archaeological sites have provided a range of results, this paper provides for the first time a comparison of different archaeological eras and contexts, and of acoustic metrics, such as early decay time (EDT), clarity, speech transmission, consonant intelligibility, and bass ratio. The key measure of perceived reverberation, early decay time, is discussed in some detail, and compared to results for modern concert halls, exploring results across a wide frequency range, rather than the restricted averages often referred to within industrial acoustics. The limitations imposed by approaches, such as this averaging, are discussed, and the effects are discussed of adopting an uncritical application to archaeological contexts of the standard acoustic state of the art as used in contemporary industrial research. The comparative study of three different sites illustrates the challenges for standard acoustics methods of working within this field, and provides examples of how and why one might construct a bespoke acoustics study method for these sites. Comparison is made between the caves explored, something a previous study did not consider. Acoustics of a digital model of Stonehenge at a number of receiver positions within three different phases of devel...

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Section: Stonehengementioning

confidence: 99%

Sound Archaeology: A Study of the Acoustics of Three World Heritage Sites, Spanish Prehistoric Painted Caves, Stonehenge, and Paphos Theatre

Till

2019

Acoustics

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“…The past decade has seen 3-D visualisation to become a common approach in heritage research, in particular with regard to the reconstruction of historic buildings and environments [73,74]. Geographic-Information System (GIS) modelling was drawn on to adequately analyse the AA defence system of Kiska, both in terms of its overall functionality and to assess its development over time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using KOCOA Military Terrain Analysis for the Assessment of Twentieth Century Battlefield Landscapes

Spennemann

2020

Heritage

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Military terrain analysis serves as a tool to examine a battle commander’s view of a battlefield and permits to hindcast some of the rationale for actions taken. This can be augmented by physical evidence of the remains of the battle that still exist in the cultural landscape. In the case of World War II-era battlefields, such terrain analysis has to take into account the influence of aerial warfare—the interrelationship between attacking aircraft and the siting of anti-aircraft guns. This paper examines these issues using the case example of the Japanese WWII-era base on Kiska in the Aleutian Islands (Alaska).

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“…These 3D studies and reconstructions and laser scans, video tours [99] together with 14 C dating both have boosted and enhanced its archaeological and astronomical significance [100][101][102].…”

Section: Archaeoastronomy In Stonehenge Englandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometry’s Role in Cultural Heritage Sustainability and Development

Liritzis

Korka

2019

Sustainability

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The interdisciplinary field of archaeometry covers a wide range of subject categories and disciplines in relation to science and humanities. It is a well-established academic field of study and accredited part of higher education. Since its inception, the nomenclature designation of archaeometry signifies the appropriate methodology applied to archaeological materials and questions emerging from this field, regarding monuments, artifacts, and the reconstruction and management of landscape bearing cultural assets. The measurements of tangible culture denote significant information, such as chronology, authenticity, technology, characterization, provenance, discovering buried antiquities, ancient-day life activities, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions and modelling; furthermore, proxy data collected from environmental dynamic non-liner perturbations, which link local ecosystems with dwellings, are gathered by academia to study the past. The traditional rooting signifies the cultural legacies of people, which define the human desire and the confidence of memory and future trends. Beyond the mere study of the past, archaeometry’s role increasingly proves affinity to prosperity, if properly managed. The major archaeometrical contributions in cultural heritage and archaeology in general are reviewed herein, and we present the policies that could develop archaeometrical data into a sustainable stage of local, regional, and national economic development. Τhe United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) conventions for the documentation and protection of cultural heritage via new technologies and archaeometry are reviewed and connected to development strategies and sustainable development goals.

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Virtual Stonehenge Reconstruction

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Sound Archaeology: A Study of the Acoustics of Three World Heritage Sites, Spanish Prehistoric Painted Caves, Stonehenge, and Paphos Theatre

Sound Archaeology: A Study of the Acoustics of Three World Heritage Sites, Spanish Prehistoric Painted Caves, Stonehenge, and Paphos Theatre

Using KOCOA Military Terrain Analysis for the Assessment of Twentieth Century Battlefield Landscapes

Archaeometry’s Role in Cultural Heritage Sustainability and Development

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