Virtual source applications to imaging and reservoir monitoring

Bakulin, Andrey; Mateeva, Albena; Mehta, Kurang; Jorgensen, Patsy; Ferrandis, Javier; Herhold, I. Sinha; López, Jorge L.

doi:10.1190/1.2748490

Cited by 69 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…The idea of using measured Green's functions as redatuming operators may seem simple with hindsight, but the consequences are far reaching. Bakulin et al ͑2007͒ give an impressive overview of the applications in imaging and reservoir monitoring.…”

Section: Virtual-source Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field of controlled-source interferometry, Bakulin et al ͑2007͒ andMehta et al ͑2008͒ discuss the potential of the virtualsource method for time-lapse reservoir monitoring. They exploit the fact that virtual-source data are obtained from permanent downhole or ocean-bottom-cable receivers and hence have a high degree of repeatability.…”

Section: Time-lapse Seismic Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 2 — Underlying theory and new advances

et al. 2010

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In the 1990s, the method of time-reversed acoustics was developed. This method exploits the fact that the acoustic wave equation for a lossless medium is invariant for time reversal. When ultrasonic responses recorded by piezoelectric transducers are reversed in time and fed simultaneously as source signals to the transducers, they focus at the position of the original source, even when the medium is very complex. In seismic interferometry the time-reversed responses are not physically sent into the earth, but they are convolved with other measured responses. The effect is essentially the same: The time-reversed signals focus and create a virtual source which radiates waves into the medium that are subsequently recorded by receivers. A mathematical derivation, based on reciprocity theory, formalizes this principle: The crosscorrelation of responses at two receivers, integrated over different sources, gives the Green's function emitted by a virtual source at the position of one of the receivers and observed by the other receiver. This Green's function representation for seismic interferometry is based on the assumption that the medium is lossless and nonmoving. Recent developments, circumventing these assumptions, include interferometric representations for attenuating and/or moving media, as well as unified representations for waves and diffusion phenomena, bending waves, quantum mechanical scattering, potential fields, elastodynamic, electromagnetic, poroelastic, and electroseismic waves. Significant improvements in the quality of the retrieved Green's functions have been obtained with interferometry by deconvolution. A trace-by-trace deconvolution process compensates for complex source functions and the attenuation of the medium. Interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution also compensates for the effects of one-sided and/or irregular illumination.

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Section: Virtual-source Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time-lapse Seismic Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 2 — Underlying theory and new advances

et al. 2010

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“…The process is completely data driven in this 2D case, and no velocity information is needed. The use of borehole data has significant benefits, especially for time-lapse studies (Bakulin et al, 2007) because the measured data in boreholes naturally account for the changes in the overburden. In case the measured direct arrival is not satisfactory, some interpolation based on the existing traveltime curve can be used without using a velocity model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to separate seismic time-lapse time shifts in the reservoir and overburden

et al. 2017

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For a robust way of estimating time shifts near horizontal boreholes, we have developed a method for separating the reflection responses above and below a horizontal borehole. Together with the surface reflection data, the method uses the direct arrivals from borehole data in the Marchenko method. The first step is to retrieve the focusing functions and the updown wavefields at the borehole level using an iterative Marchenko scheme. The second step is to solve two linear equations using a least-squares minimizing method for the two desired reflection responses. Then, the time shifts that are directly linked to the changes on either side of the borehole are calculated using a standard crosscorrelation technique. The method is applied with good results to synthetic 2D pressure data from the North Sea. One example uses purely artificial velocity changes (negative above the borehole and positive below), and the other example uses more realistic changes based on well logs. In the 2D case with an adequate survey coverage at the surface, the method is completely data driven. In the 3D case in which there is a limited number of horizontal wells, a kinematic correct velocity model is needed, but only for the volume between the surface and the borehole. Possible error factors related to the Marchenko scheme, such as an inaccurate source wavelet, imperfect surface multiples removal, and medium with loss are not included in this study.

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“…Therefore, data-driven redatuming is especially interesting below complex structures in the near-subsurface, where accurate velocity models are hard to obtain and transmitted wavefields tend to be strongly distorted (Bakulin et al, 2007b). Because all waveforms are actually measured, even multiple scattered wavefields can be focused .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled-source interferometric redatuming by crosscorrelation and multidimensional deconvolution in elastic media

et al. 2011

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Various researchers have shown that accurate redatuming of controlled seismic sources to downhole receiver locations can be achieved without requiring a velocity model. By placing receivers in a horizontal or deviated well and turning them into virtual sources, accurate images can be obtained even below a complex near-subsurface. Examples include controlled-source interferometry and the virtualsource method, both based on crosscorrelated signals at two downhole receiver locations, stacked over source locations at the surface. Because the required redatuming operators are taken directly from the data, even multiple scattered waveforms can be focused at the virtual-source location, and accurate redatuming can be achieved. To reach such precision in a solid earth, representations for elastic wave propagation that require multicomponent sources and receivers must be implemented. Wavefield decomposition prior to crosscorrelation allows us to enforce virtual sources to radiate only downward or only upward. Virtual-source focusing and undesired multiples from the overburden can be diagnosed with the interferometric point-spread function (PSF), which can be obtained directly from the data if an array of subsurface receivers is deployed. The quality of retrieved responses can be improved by filtering with the inverse of the PSF, a methodology referred to as multidimensional deconvolution.

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Virtual source applications to imaging and reservoir monitoring

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 2 — Underlying theory and new advances

Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 2 — Underlying theory and new advances

A new approach to separate seismic time-lapse time shifts in the reservoir and overburden

Controlled-source interferometric redatuming by crosscorrelation and multidimensional deconvolution in elastic media

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