Virtual reconstruction of glenoid bone defects using a statistical shape model

Abstract

The SSM-based reconstruction method is able to accurately reconstruct the native glenoid surface and to predict the native anatomic parameters. Based on this outcome, statistical shape modeling can be considered a successful technique for use in the preoperative planning of shoulder arthroplasty.

Thinking outside the glenohumeral box: Hierarchical shape variation of the periarticular anatomy of the scapula using statistical shape modeling

“…To recreate normal kinematics and dynamics, the current axiom in surgery skews toward reconstructing the anatomy to the premorbid state. 23,25 For instance, in shoulder instability with glenoid defects, the goal is to obtain a bone graft that reconstructs the missing bone segment accurately with a ROC near to native. 25,38 The mode 3 and its corresponding measurements emphasize the substantial variance in small nuances of the articular surface that potentially influence shoulder function.…”

“…23,25 For instance, in shoulder instability with glenoid defects, the goal is to obtain a bone graft that reconstructs the missing bone segment accurately with a ROC near to native. 25,38 The mode 3 and its corresponding measurements emphasize the substantial variance in small nuances of the articular surface that potentially influence shoulder function. These are difficult to capture with current methods like templates based on the mean shape of a normal population, or idealizing the anatomy to the underlying geometry.…”

“…Therefore, an SSM technique is of interest, as those nuances of glenoid shape as seen in mode 3 will be captured in such an approach. 25 Coracoid shape variation has been primarily studied for its use as a bone graft in shoulder instability procedures. 31,39 Yet, the position of the coracoid process might have a more important biomechanical function than generally thought.…”

“…DICOM files were imported into Mimics (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) and segmented using semi-automatic techniques to create 3D surfaces of the cortex. 25,26 Left scapulae were mirrored to right scapulae for consistency in SSM model generation and measurement.…”

“…21,22 Around the glenohumeral joint, SSM has mainly been used to approximate native anatomy for anatomic structures with bony defects. [23][24][25] However, SSM is an ideal tool to objectively quantify shape variability within a given set of samples, without idealizing the underlying anatomy. 21 Therefore, the goal of this study was to use SSM to identify the hierarchy of anatomic variance of the articular and periarticular anatomy of the scapula, and to quantify shape variation of the periarticular anatomy of the scapula in relation to the glenoid in nonpathologic shoulders.…”