Virtual Reality Training With Three-Dimensional Video Games Improves Postural Balance and Lower Extremity Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Lee, Yong-Woo; Choi, Wonjae; Lee, Kyeongjin; Song, Changho; Lee, Seungwon

doi:10.1123/japa.2015-0271

Cited by 42 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…There are few studies on lower extremity muscle strengthening using virtual reality training; however, one study showed that such training in a home care setting resulted in increased lower extremity muscle strength in incomplete spinal cord injury patients [26]. Another recent report demonstrated that virtual reality training increased lower extremity muscle strength in a local community of the elderly [27]. These results support the concept that virtual reality training has a positive effect on lower extremity muscle strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Effects of an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment on Muscle Strength, Proprioception, Balance, and Gait of a Middle-Aged Woman Who Had Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report

Hong

Lee

2019

Am J Case Rep

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Patient: Female, 62Final Diagnosis: Knee joint osteoarthritisSymptoms: Knee pain • range of motion limitation • swellingMedication: —Clinical Procedure: —Specialty: RehabilitationObjective:Unusual or unexpected effect of treatmentBackground:The purpose of this case study was to apply a training program using virtual reality to a middle-aged woman who had total knee replacement surgery and to investigate its effects on her muscle strength, proprioception, balance, and gait ability.Case Report:The subject who participated in this study was a 62-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed with moderate osteoarthritis and had a total knee replacement. Post-operative treatment consisted of virtual reality training along with range of motion exercise of the knee joint, light quadriceps isometric exercise, and conventional physical therapy. This also included thermal and electric therapy for pain control conducted on 10 occasions (5 times a week for 2 weeks). Total treatment time, which included 30 min of conventional physical therapy, was 60 min. Measurement of the subject’s lower extremity muscle strength after intervention decreased to 9.43 s, and the error in proprioception decreased to 1.5°. In addition, balance score increased to 56 points, and the time taken to measure gait ability decreased to 9.87 s.Conclusions:The patient responded positively to rehabilitation using virtual reality, and her muscle strength, proprioception, balance, and gait ability improved. These results suggest that the application of rehabilitative training through virtual reality for total knee replacement patients warrants further study and consideration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Effects of an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment on Muscle Strength, Proprioception, Balance, and Gait of a Middle-Aged Woman Who Had Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report

Hong

Lee

2019

Am J Case Rep

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“…Three studies [ 45 , 47 , 55 ] with more than 2 groups of participants (see the above paragraph) compounded this comparison with the results of a control group that did not receive any physical intervention. Two studies [ 46 , 51 ] did not specify whether the control group performed any exercises during the experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mixed Reality Technologies for Falls Prevention Among Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Nishchyk¹,

Chen²,

Pripp³

et al. 2021

JMIR Aging

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Background Falling is one of the most common and serious age-related issues, and falls can significantly impair the quality of life of older adults. Approximately one-third of people over 65 experience a fall annually. Previous research has shown that physical exercise could help reduce falls among older adults and improve their health. However, older adults often find it challenging to follow and adhere to physical exercise programs. Interventions using mixed reality (MR) technology could help address these issues. MR combines artificial augmented computer-generated elements with the real world. It has frequently been used for training and rehabilitation purposes. Objective The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to investigate the use of the full spectrum of MR technologies for fall prevention intervention and summarize evidence of the effectiveness of this approach. Methods In our qualitative synthesis, we analyzed a number of features of the selected studies, including aim, type of exercise, technology used for intervention, study sample size, participant demographics and history of falls, study design, involvement of health professionals or caregivers, duration and frequency of the intervention, study outcome measures, and results of the study. To systematically assess the results of the selected studies and identify the common effect of MR interventions, a meta-analysis was performed. Results Seven databases were searched, and the initial search yielded 5838 results. With the considered inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 12 were included in meta-analysis. The majority of studies demonstrated a positive effect of an MR intervention on fall risk factors among older participants. The meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in Berg Balance Scale score between the intervention and control groups (ES: 0.564; 95% CI 0.246-0.882; P<.001) with heterogeneity statistics of I2=54.9% and Q=17.74 (P=.02), and a statistical difference in Timed Up and Go test scores between the intervention and control groups (ES: 0.318; 95% CI 0.025-0.662; P<.001) with heterogeneity statistics of I2=77.6% and Q=44.63 (P<.001). The corresponding funnel plot and the Egger test for small-study effects (P=.76 and P=.11 for Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go, respectively) indicate that a minor publication bias in the studies might be present in the Berg Balance Scale results. Conclusions The literature review and meta-analysis demonstrate that the use of MR interventions can have a positive effect on physical functions in the elderly. MR has the potential to help older users perform physical exercises that could improve their health conditions. However, more research on the effect of MR fall prevention interventions should be conducted with special focus given to MR usability issues.

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“…Recent studies suggest that VR-induced neuroplasticity promotes motor relearning, and this technology has been widely used in neurological rehabilitation [8]. In VR training, as the body's center of gravity moves beyond the base of support, proprioceptive sensations at the joints increase; therefore, participants are trained to adjust the balance perturbations [9]. Unlike the conventional training, the difficulty levels can be graded and fine-tuned by manipulating the angulation and speed of the stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Virtual Reality in Balance Training in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Comparative Pre-Post Study

et al. 2020

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To evaluate the effects of game-based virtual reality (VR) training program for trunk postural control and balance in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to assess the results according to the motor completeness (severity) of lesions using the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS). Overview of Literature: Training with VR based gaming has a role to play in improving balance in patients with SCI. Methods: Patients with SCI (traumatic and non-traumatic) for <6 months were included in this hospital-based study. Participants were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG) consisting 21 patients, and control group (CG) consisting 12. Both groups underwent the conventional rehabilitation program. An additional training with semi-immersive VR therapy was conducted 5 days a week for 3 weeks in the EG with the focus on balance rehabilitation using the "Rhetoric." The outcome measures were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), balance section of the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA-B), and Functional Reach Score (FRS). Results: Both groups consisted of young participants (mean age, 28 and 30.5 years, respectively) and predominantly men (>80%). One-third of them had tetraplegia and two-third had paraplegia. Between-group analyses showed no statistically significant differences in the main effects between groups (p-value: BBS, 0.396; POMA-B, 0.238; FRS, 0.294), suggesting that the EG group did not show significant improvement in the trunk and posture at the end of training sessions than the CG group. Similarly, no significant difference was observed according to the severity (completeness) of SCI in the between-group analyses using the AIS (A/B vs. C/D). Conclusions: VR is an adjunctive therapy for balance rehabilitation in patients with SCI.

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Virtual Reality Training With Three-Dimensional Video Games Improves Postural Balance and Lower Extremity Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment on Muscle Strength, Proprioception, Balance, and Gait of a Middle-Aged Woman Who Had Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report

Effects of an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment on Muscle Strength, Proprioception, Balance, and Gait of a Middle-Aged Woman Who Had Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report

The Effect of Mixed Reality Technologies for Falls Prevention Among Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Role of Virtual Reality in Balance Training in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Comparative Pre-Post Study

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