Virtual reality to reduce periprocedural anxiety during invasive coronary angiography: rationale and design of the VR InCard trial
Esther Helena Wouda Breunissen,
Tjitske Diederike Groenveld,
Linda Garms
et al.
Abstract:IntroductionPatients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) experience anxiety due to various reasons. Procedural anxiety can lead to physiological and psychological complications, compromising patient comfort and overall procedural outcomes. Benzodiazepines are commonly used to reduce periprocedural anxiety, although the effect is modest. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety in patients undergoing ICA.Methods and analysisA single-centre open-label rand… Show more
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