Virtual Reality Sickness: A Review of Causes and Measurements

Abstract

In virtual reality (VR), users can experience symptoms of motion sickness, which is referred to as VR sickness or cybersickness. The symptoms include but are not limited to eye fatigue, disorientation, and nausea, which can impair the VR experience of users. Though many studies have attempted to reduce the discomfort, they produced conflicting results with varying degrees of VR sickness. In particular, a visually improved VR does not necessarily result in decreased VR sickness. To understand these unexpected results, we surveyed the causes of VR sickness and measurement of symptoms. We reorganized the causes of the VR sickness into three major factors (hardware, content, and human factors) and investigated the sub-component of each factor. We then surveyed frequently used measures of VR sickness, both subjective and objective approaches. We also investigated emerging approaches for reducing VR sickness and proposed a multimodal fidelity hypothesis to give an insight into future studies.

Self-Management Mobile Virtual Reality Program for Women with Gestational Diabetes

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“…It is worth noting that the proliferation of Musical XR-based networked interactions partly relies on the development of computer network technologies that can address issues of bandwidth and latency [39], [80], [148]. And particularly in AV and VR systems, the sense of presence can be severely hampered by simulation sickness, a sensation theorized to be resulting from conflicting information from the vestibular and visual senses, leading to nausea, disorientation, headaches, sweating and eye strain [40].…”

Electrogastrography in Autonomous Vehicles—An Objective Method for Assessment of Motion Sickness in Simulated Driving Environments

“…More recent research results showed that EGG is a strong indicator of nausea [ 35 , 43 , 54 ], and as such has been widely used in numerous situations related to sickness and motion sickness. A recent survey has also revealed that EGG is the third most often used objective measure (EGG, electrodermal activity, electroencephalography and eye-related measurements share the place) of virtual reality (VR) sickness [ 55 ]. Dennison et al found a statistically significant correlation of bradygastric power with disorientation and cybersickness measured with SSQ, while no correlation of SSQ measures with other physiological parameters (heart-rate, electrodermal activity, etc.)…”