Virtual Reality Body Image Training for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Single Case Report

Harvie, Daniel S.; Rio, Ebonie; Smith, Ross; Olthof, Nick; Coppieters, Michel W.

doi:10.3389/frvir.2020.00013

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In recent years, the rehabilitation of pain disorders using VR has been produced. Moreover, the use of VR that depicts a positive context for the body, such as muscular appearance ( Nishigami et al, 2019 ), boxers ( Harvie et al, 2020 ), and American comic characters ( Harvie et al, 2020 ), can reduce pain. However, SoO is not sufficiently induced in the body in such VR ( Themelis et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference in the verbal suggestion content affects pain and psychological outcomes ( Louw et al, 2016 ; Rossettini et al, 2018 ; Wood and Hendrick, 2019 ), but the effect on SoO is unclear. Additionally, body illusions such as Virtual reality (VR) have been used as a therapeutic method ( Nishigami et al, 2019 ; Harvie et al, 2020 ), but there are some problems; SoO toward a virtual body with a positive context appearance does not increase sufficiently, and the degree of SoO differs among individuals ( Themelis et al, 2021 ). In other words, many disorders need to control the degree of illusion to benefit from body illusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verbal Suggestion Modulates the Sense of Ownership and Heat Pain Threshold During the “Injured” Rubber Hand Illusion

Tanaka

Hayashida

Morioka

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The appearance of the self-body influences the feeling that one’s body belongs to oneself, that is, a sense of ownership (SoO) and pain perception. This can be identified by measuring the SoO and pain thresholds after performing the rubber hand illusion (RHI) with an injured rubber hand. The generation of SoO is thought to be caused by multisensory integration of bottom-up factors (vision, proprioceptive, and touch), and by top-down factors, such as the context effect. The appearance is one of the context effects which may become more effective when used simultaneously with other context effects (e.g., verbal suggestion). However, in the RHI, when appearance and other context effects are used simultaneously, the effect is unclear. In this study, we attempted to identify the influence of verbal suggestion on the SoO and heat pain threshold (HPT). As a preliminary step, in Experiment 1, the “normal” rubber hand and “penetrated nail” as injured rubber hand were used to clarify the context effect with appearance alone during RHI (synchronous/asynchronous), which was conducted within-subjects. In Experiment 2, we only used the “penetrated nail” rubber hand to clarify the context effect with verbal suggestion and appearance during RHI. We randomly classified participants into two suggestion groups (“fear” and “no-fear”). The RHI (synchronous/asynchronous) was conducted for each group. In each experiment, the effect of each condition was assessed by subjective measures of SoO, such as questionnaire, and objective measures of SoO, such as proprioceptive drift and electrodermal activity. Following RHI in each condition, HPT was measured. The main finding was that, in the synchronous condition, the “penetrated nail” appearance with “fear” verbal suggestion modulated questionnaire and HPT, but not electrodermal activity. We conclude that the context-included multisensory integration affected the subjective factors because it contains a higher cognitive process by verbal suggestion.

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Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal Suggestion Modulates the Sense of Ownership and Heat Pain Threshold During the “Injured” Rubber Hand Illusion

Tanaka

Hayashida

Morioka

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Generally speaking, we speculate that VR interventions that improve confidence and help strengthen the belief that the back is strong and stable, and that try to restore normal thoughtless, fearless movement are likely to be of benefit (just as such treatments based in reality do). Preliminary pilot studies that have explored the virtual embodiment of strong, fit backs show promise for patients with non-radicular chronic low back pain (Nishigami et al, 2019 ; Harvie et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Neuropathic Pain Conditions and Their Associated Perceptual ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered bodily perceptions in chronic neuropathic pain conditions and implications for treatment using immersive virtual reality

Donegan

Ryan

Sánchez-Vives

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Chronic neuropathic pain is highly disabling and difficult to treat and manage. Patients with such conditions often report altered bodily perceptions that are thought to be associated with maladaptive structural and functional alterations in the somatosensory cortex. Manipulating these altered perceptions using body illusions in virtual reality is being investigated and may have positive clinical implications for the treatment of these conditions. Here, we have conducted a narrative review of the evidence for the types of bodily distortions associated with a variety of peripheral and central neuropathic pain conditions. In addition, we summarize the experimental and clinical studies that have explored embodiment and body transformation illusions in immersive virtual reality for neuropathic pain relief, which are thought to target these maladaptive changes, as well as suggesting directions for future research.

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“…Others use 3D content simply to view anatomical pathology, and aid understanding of a disease state (e.g., Harvie et al, 2020). Some applications have used experiential learning techniques.…”

Section: Examples From the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Immersive Education for Chronic Condition Self-Management

Harvie

2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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Chronic conditions represent a significant twenty first century challenge. Education and self-management training are the mainstay of clinical intervention for such conditions since care is dependent on health literacy and self-management. This intervention not only imparts the necessary understanding and skills for self-management, but also helps people to overcome personal barriers to positive behavioral change, such as low self-efficacy. Moreover, education maximizes dignity, by enabling shared decision-making. A plethora of research supports the role of education and self-management training in the management of chronic conditions, whilst at the same time highlighting that not all approaches lead to meaningful behavioral change. Immersive virtual reality (VR) offers a unique set of features and tools for delivering these interventions. For example, the immersive nature focuses attention and promotes engagement; the ability to simulate authentic and interactive real-world scenarios can be used to promote the benefits of active learning; and the ability to facilitate embodiment of avatars with distinct appearance and capability can be used to bias new perceptions and behaviors in-line with the avatar's characteristics. Moreover, the ability to use VR independent of a clinician renders a potential solution to instances where significant barriers to healthcare access exist. This short perspective paper will discuss how VR may be used to host education and self-management interventions in the domain of chronic condition management. Further, it will outline considerations for developers and conclude with a call for the co-creation of new VR-based education and self-management interventions.

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Virtual Reality Body Image Training for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Single Case Report

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Verbal Suggestion Modulates the Sense of Ownership and Heat Pain Threshold During the “Injured” Rubber Hand Illusion

Verbal Suggestion Modulates the Sense of Ownership and Heat Pain Threshold During the “Injured” Rubber Hand Illusion

Altered bodily perceptions in chronic neuropathic pain conditions and implications for treatment using immersive virtual reality

Immersive Education for Chronic Condition Self-Management

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