Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Plastic Surgery: A Review

Kim, Young‐Jun; Kim, Hannah; Kim, Yong Oock

doi:10.5999/aps.2017.44.3.179

Cited by 208 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recently, potential applications of AR in plastic and reconstructive surgery also have been raising the interest of researchers . However, to the best of our knowledge, none of the AR‐based methods proposed thus far have been implemented in routine clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting fibula free flap harvest with augmented reality: A proof‐of‐concept study

et al. 2019

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Objective: To analyze a novel navigation system utilizing augmented reality (AR) as a supporting method for fibula free flap (FFF) harvest and fabrication.Methods: A total of 126 simulated osteotomies supported with a cutting guide or one of two AR-based intraoperative navigation modules-simple AR (sAR) or navigated AR (nAR)-were carried out on 18 identical models of the fibula (42 osteotomies per method). After fusing postoperative computed tomography scans of the operated fibulas with the virtual surgical plan based on preoperative images, the objective outcomes-angular deviations from the planned osteotomy trajectory ( o ) and deviations of control points marked on the trajectory (mm)-were determined.Results: All analyzed methods provided similar accuracy of assisted osteotomies. The only significant difference referred to angular deviation in the sagittal plane, which was smaller after the cutting guide-assisted procedures than after the application of sAR and nAR (4.1 AE 2.29 vs. 5.08 AE 3.64 degrees, P = 0.031 and 4.1 AE 2.29 vs. 4.97 AE 2.91, P = 0.002, respectively). Mean deviation of control points after the cutting guide-assisted procedures was 2.76 AE 1.06 mm, as compared with 2.67 AE 1.09 mm for sAR and 2.95 AE 1.11 mm for nAR.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that both novel AR-based methods provided similar accuracy of assisted harvesting and contouring of the FFF as the cutting guides. This fact, as well as the acceptability of the concept by clinicians, justify their further development and evaluation in preclinical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting fibula free flap harvest with augmented reality: A proof‐of‐concept study

et al. 2019

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“…Non-immersive virtual reality involves computer generated experiences on a desktop, while the user interacts with a mouse, in a virtual environment. Conventional surgical simulations fall under this category [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of virtual reality and augmented reality in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

Ayoub¹,

Pulijala²

2019

BMC Oral Health

207

106

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Background: Virtual reality is the science of creating a virtual environment for the assessment of various anatomical regions of the body for the diagnosis, planning and surgical training. Augmented reality is the superimposition of a 3D real environment specific to individual patient onto the surgical filed using semi-transparent glasses to augment the virtual scene.. The aim of this study is to provide an over view of the literature on the application of virtual and augmented reality in oral & maxillofacial surgery. Methods: We reviewed the literature and the existing database using Ovid MEDLINE search, Cochran Library and PubMed. All the studies in the English literature in the last 10 years, from 2009 to 2019 were included. Results: We identified 101 articles related the broad application of virtual reality in oral & maxillofacial surgery. These included the following: Eight systematic reviews, 4 expert reviews, 9 case reports, 5 retrospective surveys, 2 historical perspectives, 13 manuscripts on virtual education and training, 5 on haptic technology, 4 on augmented reality, 10 on image fusion, 41 articles on the prediction planning for orthognathic surgery and maxillofacial reconstruction. Dental implantology and orthognathic surgery are the most frequent applications of virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual planning improved the accuracy of inserting dental implants using either a statistic guidance or dynamic navigation. In orthognathic surgery, prediction planning and intraoperative navigation are the main applications of virtual reality. Virtual reality has been utilised to improve the delivery of education and the quality of training in oral & maxillofacial surgery by creating a virtual environment of the surgical procedure. Haptic feedback provided an additional immersive reality to improve manual dexterity and improve clinical training. Conclusion: Virtual and augmented reality have contributed to the planning of maxillofacial procedures and surgery training. Few articles highlighted the importance of this technology in improving the quality of patients' care. There are limited prospective randomized studies comparing the impact of virtual reality with the standard methods in delivering oral surgery education.

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“…Previous studies have shown that trainees who use these VR simulators in their surgical curriculum face shorter times to completion of their learning tasks compared with their counterparts who did not use VR . The use of VR for surgical planning has been demonstrated in plastic and orthopedic surgery wherein surgeons created VR models of their surgical sites and simulated the planned procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%