Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Technologies for Smart Physical Rehabilitation

Postolache, Octavian; Monge, Joao; Alexandre, Ricardo; Geman, Oana; Jin, Yu; Postolache, Gabriela

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71221-1_8

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…AR technologies have significant advantages: they provide new experiences to patients during physiotherapy sessions, increasing engagement and improving physical outcomes [11]; they can create interesting opportunities to provide low-cost physiotherapy at home [12,13]; and the physiotherapist can perform and evaluate different outcomes using these tools with data analysis [14]. Although lack of technological maturity and access to devices are their weaknesses [15], various types of interfaces are emerging to ensure user interaction with the AR rehabilitation environment, including wearable smart sensors, sensors embedded in the environment, and mobile devices that improve accessibility to this type of technology [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmented Reality in Physical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Vinolo-Gil¹,

González-Medina²,

Lucena-Antón³

et al. 2021

JMIR Serious Games

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Background Augmented reality (AR) is a rapidly expanding technology; it comprises the generation of new images from digital information in the real physical environment of a person, which simulates an environment where the artificial and real are mixed. The use of AR in physiotherapy has shown benefits in certain areas of patient health. However, these benefits have not been studied as a whole. Objective This study aims to ascertain the current scientific evidence on AR therapy as a complement to physiotherapy and to determine the areas in which it has been used the most and which variables and methods have been most effective. Methods A systematic review registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) recommendations. The search was conducted from July to August 2021 in the PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library scientific databases using the keywords augmented reality, physiotherapy, physical therapy, exercise therapy, rehabilitation, physical medicine, fitness, and occupational therapy. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network scale to determine the degree of recommendation. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Results In total, 11 articles were included in the systematic review. Of the 11 articles, 4 (36%) contributed information to the meta-analysis. Overall, 64% (7/11) obtained a good level of evidence, and most had a B degree of recommendation of evidence. A total of 308 participants were analyzed. Favorable results were found for the Berg Balance Scale (standardized mean change 0.473, 95% CI −0.0877 to 1.0338; z=1.65; P=.10) and the Timed Up and Go test (standardized mean change −1.211, 95% CI −3.2005 to 0.7768; z=−1.194; P=.23). Conclusions AR, in combination with conventional therapy, has been used for the treatment of balance and fall prevention in geriatrics, lower and upper limb functionality in stroke, pain in phantom pain syndrome, and turning in place in patients with Parkinson disease with freezing of gait. AR is effective for the improvement of balance; however, given the small size of the samples and the high heterogeneity of the studies, the results were not conclusive. Future studies using larger sample sizes and with greater homogeneity in terms of the devices used and the frequency and intensity of the interventions are needed. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020180766; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=180766

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmented Reality in Physical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Vinolo-Gil¹,

González-Medina²,

Lucena-Antón³

et al. 2021

JMIR Serious Games

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“…Physical rehabilitation, a crucial component of healthcare, is witnessing substantial benefits from these technological advancements. Tech-supported interventions have demonstrated increased effectiveness, efficiency, and patient-centered improvements [5]. In particular, smart sensing technology, which harnesses the power of sensors, data analytics, and machine learning, is proving to be a game-changer, significantly enhancing patient outcomes across various healthcare settings [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To combat these issues, technologies like serious games, augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) are being introduced into the realm of physical rehabilitation. These technologies aim to boost patient motivation and engagement, thereby improving rehabilitation outcomes [5,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AI-Based Smart Sensing and AR for Gait Rehabilitation Assessment

et al. 2023

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Health monitoring is crucial in hospitals and rehabilitation centers. Challenges can affect the reliability and accuracy of health data. Human error, patient compliance concerns, time, money, technology, and environmental factors might cause these issues. In order to improve patient care, healthcare providers must address these challenges. We propose a non-intrusive smart sensing system that uses a SensFloor smart carpet and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) wearable sensor on the user’s back to monitor position and gait characteristics. Furthermore, we implemented machine learning (ML) algorithms to analyze the data collected from the SensFloor and IMU sensors. The system generates real-time data that are stored in the cloud and are accessible to physical therapists and patients. Additionally, the system’s real-time dashboards provide a comprehensive analysis of the user’s gait and balance, enabling personalized training plans with tailored exercises and better rehabilitation outcomes. Using non-invasive smart sensing technology, our proposed solution enables healthcare facilities to monitor patients’ health and enhance their physical rehabilitation plans.

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