Virtual Reality Aids Game Navigation: Evidence from the Hypertext Lostness Measure

Ferguson, Chris; Broek, Egon L. van den; Oostendorp, Herre van; Redelijkheid, Sam de; Giezeman, Geert-Jan

doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0435

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…We will first briefly summarize the zero-order correlations. Using a small sample (12 participants) from an initial study (Ferguson et al, 2020b), we found a negative correlation of both navigation efficiency measures with performance on a knowledge test and, therefore, how well the player learned from the game. However, only the correlation with local lostness was significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This is of particular interest as these two domains make use of spatial activities, particularly navigation, in the case of evacuation training. In a parallel study (Ferguson et al, 2020b) a VR educational game condition was compared to a traditional, non-VR desktop condition. The research question was whether or not VR had a positive effect on the retention of educational content and navigational efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because we have to focus on the performance of players in the VR condition, we do not want to confound the VR data from that parallel study with non-VR data in correlational analyses, and we restrict ourselves to only using the VR data. Therefore, this paper will focus on only the VR participants from that parallel study (Ferguson et al, 2020b) to investigate if possible implicit (unobtrusive) navigational efficiency measures are valid for predicting learning in certain types of VR educational games.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lost in Learning: Hypertext Navigational Efficiency Measures Are Valid for Predicting Learning in Virtual Reality Educational Games

Ferguson

Oostendorp

2020

Front. Psychol.

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The lostness measure, an implicit and unobtrusive measure originally designed for assessing the usability of hypertext systems, could be useful in Virtual Reality (VR) games where players need to find information to complete a task. VR locomotion systems with node-based movement mimic actions for exploration and browsing found in hypertext systems. For that reason, hypertext usability measures, such as “lostness” can be used to identify how disoriented a player is when completing tasks in an educational game by examining steps made by the player. An evaluation of two different lostness measures, global and local lostness, based on two different types of tasks, is described in a VR educational game using 13 college students between 14 and 18 years old in a first study and extended using 12 extra participants in a second study. Multiple Linear Regression analyses showed, in both studies, that local lostness, and not global lostness, had a significant effect on a post-game knowledge test. Therefore, we argued that local lostness was able to predict how well-participants would perform on a post-game knowledge test indicating how well they learned from the game. In-game experience aspects (engagement, cognitive interest, and presence) were also evaluated and, interestingly, it was also found that participants learned less when they felt more present in the game. We believe these two measures relate to cognitive overload, which is known to have an adverse effect on learning. Further research should investigate the lostness measure for use in an online adaptive game system and design the game system in such a way that the risk of cognitive overload is minimized when learning, resulting in higher retention of information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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