“…These include traditional knowledgemanagement systems, such as extranets, intranets, collaboration platforms, and document management systems that employees can use to find, share, and exchange relevant knowledge. However, in the past few years, many organizations have gradually started integrating ESM into their existing IT infrastructure to further increase their knowledge-sharing capabilities (Al-Mawali & Al-Busaidi, 2022;Gaál et al, 2015;Yarbrough & Ramos Salazar, 2023). ESM are known to facilitate communication, information sharing, collaboration, professional development, and networking, among numerous other benefits.…”