Virtual Inertia Control Methods in Islanded Microgrids

Abstract

Although the deployment and integration of isolated microgrids is gaining widespread support, regulation of microgrid frequency under high penetration levels of renewable sources is still being researched. Among the numerous studies on frequency stability, one key approach is based on integrating an additional loop with virtual inertia control, designed to mimic the behavior of traditional synchronous machines. In this survey, recent works related to virtual inertia control methods in islanded microgrids are reviewed. Based on a contextual analysis of recent papers from the last decade, we attempt to better understand why certain control methods are suitable for different scenarios, the currently open theoretical and numerical challenges, and which control strategies will predominate in the following years. Some of the reviewed methods are the coefficient diagram method, H-infinity-based methods, reinforcement-learning-based methods, practical-swarm-based methods, fuzzy-logic-based methods, and model-predictive controllers.

Power Tracking and Energy Balancing of Energy Storage Systems under Unreliable Communication Network

“…e H ∞ control proves to be robust against system uncertainties and can offer minimal tracking errors. Nevertheless, it comes with the price of slow system response and complicated mathematical treatment [16][17][18]. Like the H ∞ control, the sliding mode control is also good at tackling uncertain system dynamics and parameters, which, however, is less appealing due to the chattering issues [19][20][21].…”

A Study for a Hybrid Wind-Solar-Battery System for Hydrogen Production in an Islanded MVDC Network

“…The classical inertial control of DFIG is shown in Figure 5 . The control system of DFIG includes two additional control loops: the frequency change rate df /dt loop and the droop ∆f loop, where k df and k pf represent the proportional and differential coefficient [30]. The active input of the DFIG rotor-side converter consists of the maximum power tracking active output and the active output of inertial control loops.…”

RoCoF-Minimizing H₂ Norm Control Strategy for Multi-Wind Turbine Synthetic Inertia

“…This way, LQR can be seen as a particular case of the H 2 norm when the matrices C and D are given by (11). Then, considering (11) in (7), and applying the Schur complement (see more details in [30]), the optimization problem in (7) can be rewritten as:…”

“…Detailed revisions of current SI techniques can be found in [4]- [7]. In the literature, various definitions of SI can be found, see, for example, [8], [9].…”