Virtual Human Models for Electromagnetic Studies and Their Applications

Makarov, Sergey N.; Noetscher, Gregory M.; Yanamadala, Janakinadh; Piazza, Matthew W.; Louie, Sara; Prokop, Alexander; Nazarian, Ara; Nummenmaa, Aapo

doi:10.1109/rbme.2017.2722420

Cited by 116 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…SAR and device performance estimates are typically derived and accepted today from Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) simulations performed with detailed virtual humans [23]. In this study, we use the multi-tissue CEM phantom VHP-Female v. 5.0 (female/60 year/162 cm/88 kg, obese) [23,24], derived from the cryosection dataset archived within the Visible Human Project® of the US National Library of Medicine. The phantom includes about 250 individual tissues and is augmented with material property values from the IT'IS database [25].…”

Section: A Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of a Whole Body Non-Contact Electromagnetic Stimulation Device with Field Modulation

Bogdanov

et al. 2018

Preprint

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This study describes a whole-body, non-contact electromagnetic stimulation device based on the concept of a conventional MRI Radio Frequency (RF) resonating coil, but at a much lower resonant frequency (100-150 kHz), with a field modulation option (0.5-100 Hz) and with an input power of up to 3 kW. Its unique features include a high electric field level within the biological tissue due to the resonance effect and a low power dissipation level, or a low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), in the body itself. Because of its large resonator volume together with non-contact coupling, the subject may be located anywhere within the coil over a longer period at moderate and safe electric field levels. The electric field effect does not depend on body position within the resonator. However, field penetration is deep anywhere within the body, including the extremities where muscles, bones, and peripheral tissues are mostly affected. A potential clinical application of this device is treatment of chronic pain. Substantial attention is paid to device safety; this includes both AC power safety and exposure of human subjects to electromagnetic fields. In the former case, we employ inductive coupling which eliminates a direct current path from AC power to the coil. Our design enhances overall device safety at any power level, even when operated under higher-power conditions. Human exposure to electromagnetic fields within the coil is evaluated by performing modeling with two independent numerical methods and with an anatomically realistic multi-tissue human phantom. We show that SAR levels within the body correspond to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) safety standards when the input power level of the amplifier driver does not exceed 3 kW. We also show that electric field levels generally comply with International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection safety standards if the input power level does not exceed 1.5 kW.

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Section: A Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of a Whole Body Non-Contact Electromagnetic Stimulation Device with Field Modulation

Bogdanov

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…2.4) provided by IT'IS foundation [76] were developed from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The obtained images were converted into three-dimensional (3D) voxels or computer-aided design (CAD) models to provide an accurate platform to simulate implantable antenna [77].…”

Section: Simulation Of Implantable Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Implantable Antennas for Cerebrospinal Fluid Monitoring

Manoufali

Bialkowski

Mohammed

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…The averaged total number of facets per head dataset is 866,000. Table 2 reports the mesh quality factor, [20], for every head compartment of every dataset. The average mesh quality over all compartments of all datasets is remarkably high; it is equal to 0.25.…”

Section: Data Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following two conditions are required for a true CAD human body model [20]: (1) a 3D triangular mesh representing a solid object must not have holes; (2) the surface of a well-behaved triangular mesh in 3D must satisfy the so-called manifold condition. A mesh is 2-manifold if every node of the mesh has a disk-shaped neighborhood of triangles.…”

Section: Specific Conditions For Cad Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all three chief neurostimulation modalitiestranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electric stimulation (TES), and intracortical microstimulation (ICMS)numerical computation of the electric fields within a patient-specific head model is the major and often only way to foster spatial targeting and obtain a quantitative measure of the required stimulation dose [1]. An important component of any simulation setup is the human head model itself, either a voxel model or a computer aided design (CAD) model represented by a set of solid objects [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Collection of Sixteen High-Quality Human Head CAD Models Generated with SimNIBS 2.1 Using Connectome Subject Data within MATLAB^® Platform

Htet

Noetscher

Burnham

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The goal of this study is to introduce a collection of sixteen high-resolution, 2-manifold CAD compatible head models within the MATLAB platform available to all interested parties for electromagnetic and acoustic simulations. Each model contains skin, skull, CSF, GM, cerebellum, WM, and ventricles head compartments and possesses an "onion" topology: the grey matter shell is a container for white matter, ventricles, and cerebellum objects, the CSF shell contains the grey matter shell, the skull shell contains the CSF shell, and finally the skin or scalp shell contains the skull shell. The models are fully compatible with ANSYS ED FEM software, CST Studio Suite, Sim4Life/SEMCAD software, and other electromagnetic software packages.The collection is based on MRI data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) segmented using the SimNIBS 2.1/2.1.1 processing pipeline. The average number of triangular surface facets in a model is 866,000, the average triangle quality is 0.25, the average edge length is 1.48 mm, and the average surface mesh density or resolution is 0.57 points per mm 2 . If necessary, a finer model mesh can be created for every head using available MATLAB tools. Keywords: Computational Models, Neurostimulation, Electromagnetic Modeling Several open-source software packages currently exist that allow for automatic and semiautomatic generation of anatomically realistic CAD head models from individual MRI datasets. A comprehensive review can be found in [3]. Of specific note is the SimNIBS package [4]-[8] that uses FreeSurfer software [9],[10] for brain compartment segmentation (grey matter, white matter, cerebellum) and FSL [11],[12] for compatible skull/cerebrospinal fluid/ventricles segmentation when a combination of T1-and T2-weighted images is used as input. At the same time, generic computational cranium models and collections of those continue to remain important for population-based studies as well as for testing accuracy, speed, and performance of various numerical algorithms and software packages. The most detailed anatomical CAD head model to date is arguably the MIDA model [13]. The Human Connectome Project (HCP) [14] provides a unique, open source, large-scale collection of about 1200 human head T1/T2 image datasets obtained with the isotropic resolution of 0.7 mm, along with the corresponding diffusion tensor imaging (DTL) data. Fifty such datasets have recently been segmented by E.G. Lee and colleagues [15],[16],[17] using SimNIBS, the well-known, open-source transcranial brain stimulation modeling software [4]-[8]. The resulting fifty CAD models, known as the Population Head Model Repository, are available from the website of the IT'IS Foundation, Switzerland [18].The goal of this study is to provide a collection of sixteen high-resolution, 2-manifold, CAD ready head models within the MATLAB  platform that are also fully compatible with ANSYS ED FEM software, CST Studio Suite, Sim4Life/SEMCAD software, and other electromagnetic software packages. Similar to the Population Head Model Reposit...

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Virtual Human Models for Electromagnetic Studies and Their Applications

Cited by 116 publications

References 235 publications

Design and Analysis of a Whole Body Non-Contact Electromagnetic Stimulation Device with Field Modulation

Design and Analysis of a Whole Body Non-Contact Electromagnetic Stimulation Device with Field Modulation

Compact Implantable Antennas for Cerebrospinal Fluid Monitoring

Collection of Sixteen High-Quality Human Head CAD Models Generated with SimNIBS 2.1 Using Connectome Subject Data within MATLAB^® Platform

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Virtual Human Models for Electromagnetic Studies and Their Applications

Cited by 116 publications

References 235 publications

Design and Analysis of a Whole Body Non-Contact Electromagnetic Stimulation Device with Field Modulation

Design and Analysis of a Whole Body Non-Contact Electromagnetic Stimulation Device with Field Modulation

Compact Implantable Antennas for Cerebrospinal Fluid Monitoring

Collection of Sixteen High-Quality Human Head CAD Models Generated with SimNIBS 2.1 Using Connectome Subject Data within MATLAB® Platform

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Collection of Sixteen High-Quality Human Head CAD Models Generated with SimNIBS 2.1 Using Connectome Subject Data within MATLAB^® Platform