Virtual grating approach for Monte Carlo simulations of edge illumination-based x-ray phase contrast imaging

Sanctorum, Jonathan; Sijbers, Jan; Beenhouwer, Jan De

doi:10.1364/oe.472145

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…To reduce the total simulation time, a virtual grating approach was used to model the gratings. 26 The advantage of using GATE simulations, rather than relying on simplified geometrical considerations, is that the polychromatic nature of the X-ray beam is immediately taken into account. As such, highly relevant effects such as grating bar transmission and beam hardening are incorporated in the simulation study…”

Section: Simulation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative grating designs for cone-beam edge illumination x-ray phase contrast imaging

Vanthienen¹,

Sanctorum²,

Huyge³

et al. 2022

Developments in X-Ray Tomography XIV

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Edge illumination X-ray phase contrast imaging is a method which relies on two gratings to obtain attenuation, phase and dark field contrast. Current gratings consist of periodic apertures in a high-absorbing flat plate. While edge illumination was originally designed for parallel-beam imaging, it also works with cone-beam sources when the opening angle is sufficiently low. With higher opening angles, however, current gratings cause a shadow which results in a decreased intensity. In this paper, three alternative grating geometries are studied with Monte-Carlo simulations and their performance is evaluated in terms of shadowing. Results show that the alternative grating geometries significantly reduce shadowing in cone-beam based edge illumination.

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Section: Simulation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative grating designs for cone-beam edge illumination x-ray phase contrast imaging

Vanthienen¹,

Sanctorum²,

Huyge³

et al. 2022

Developments in X-Ray Tomography XIV

Self Cite

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“…Sanctorum et al [45][46][47] used GATE (based on Geant4) and Matlab to simulate XPCI. Firstly, a GB-XPCI was introduced for a simulation focused on phantoms with fibrous microstructures; secondly, the framework was extended to model more interactions and combine the MC simulations of GATE with numerical wave propagation; thirdly, the GI aspect of the simulation is focused on by replacing the original ones with virtual ones to reduce simulation time and optimize their study of GB-XPCI simulations.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulation Of X-ray Phase-contrast Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several approaches exist for simulation imaging using MC methods [42,[45][46][47][48][49][50] and are seemingly identical in methodology because they implement Geant4 for different case scenarios. It is apparent that MC simulation toolkits/frameworks (mainly GATE and Geant4 in the literature) are improved when put through different implementations.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulation Of X-ray Phase-contrast Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Wave and Particle Effects in the Simulation of X-ray Phase Contrast—A Review

Pietersoone,

Létang,

Rit

et al. 2024

Instruments

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X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) is a family of imaging techniques that makes contrast visible due to phase shifts in the sample. Phase-sensitive techniques can potentially be several orders of magnitude more sensitive than attenuation-based techniques, finding applications in a wide range of fields, from biomedicine to materials science. The accurate simulation of XPCI allows for the planning of imaging experiments, potentially reducing the need for costly synchrotron beam access to find suitable imaging parameters. It can also provide training data for recently proposed machine learning-based phase retrieval algorithms. The simulation of XPCI has classically been carried out using wave optics or ray optics approaches. However, these approaches have not been capable of simulating all the artifacts present in experimental images. The increased interest in dark-field imaging has also prompted the inclusion of scattering in XPCI simulation codes. Scattering is classically simulated using Monte Carlo particle transport codes. The combination of the two perspectives has proven not to be straightforward, and several methods have been proposed. We review the available literature on the simulation of XPCI with attention given to particular methods, including the scattering component, and discuss the possible future directions for the simulation of both wave and particle effects in XPCI.

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“…On the other hand, having thick septa poses a two-fold challenge; thicker septa require a thicker substrate, therefore bringing a loss in the X-ray flux transmitted through the apertures. Moreover, in cone beam irradiation geometry (as in laboratory compact systems), thick masks cause a strong penumbra effect 32,39,40 , drastically reducing the flux of photons at a large lateral emission angle unless a bent mask geometry is adopted 41 . For these reasons, both mask thickness and substrate must be optimized.…”

Section: Required Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEPI Lab: a flexible compact multi-modal setup for X-ray phase-contrast and spectral imaging

Brombal

Arfelli

Menk

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This paper presents a new flexible compact multi-modal imaging setup referred to as PEPI (Photon-counting Edge-illumination Phase-contrast imaging) Lab, which is based on the edge-illumination (EI) technique and a chromatic detector. The system enables both X-ray phase-contrast (XPCI) and spectral (XSI) imaging of samples on the centimeter scale. This work conceptually follows all the stages in its realization, from the design to the first imaging results. The setup can be operated in four different modes, i.e. photon-counting/conventional, spectral, double-mask EI, and single-mask EI, whereby the switch to any modality is fast, software controlled, and does not require any hardware modification or lengthy re-alignment procedures. The system specifications, ranging from the X-ray tube features to the mask material and aspect ratio, have been quantitatively studied and optimized through a dedicated Geant4 simulation platform, guiding the choice of the instrumentation. The realization of the imaging setup, both in terms of hardware and control software, is detailed and discussed with a focus on practical/experimental aspects. Flexibility and compactness (66 cm source-to-detector distance in EI) are ensured by dedicated motion stages, whereas spectral capabilities are enabled by the Pixirad-1/Pixie-III detector in combination with a tungsten anode X-ray source operating in the range 40–100 kVp. The stability of the system, when operated in EI, has been verified, and drifts leading to mask misalignment of less than 1 $$\upmu$$ μ m have been measured over a period of 54 h. The first imaging results, one for each modality, demonstrate that the system fulfills its design requirements. Specifically, XSI tomographic images of an iodine-based phantom demonstrate the system’s quantitativeness and sensibility to concentrations in the order of a few mg/ml. Planar XPCI images of a carpenter bee specimen, both in single and double-mask modes, demonstrate that refraction sensitivity (below 0.6 $$\upmu$$ μ rad in double-mask mode) is comparable with other XPCI systems based on microfocus sources. Phase CT capabilities have also been tested on a dedicated plastic phantom, where the phase channel yielded a 15-fold higher signal-to-noise ratio with respect to attenuation.

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Virtual grating approach for Monte Carlo simulations of edge illumination-based x-ray phase contrast imaging

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Alternative grating designs for cone-beam edge illumination x-ray phase contrast imaging

Alternative grating designs for cone-beam edge illumination x-ray phase contrast imaging

Combining Wave and Particle Effects in the Simulation of X-ray Phase Contrast—A Review

PEPI Lab: a flexible compact multi-modal setup for X-ray phase-contrast and spectral imaging

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