“…Involving students in real-life projects could train students to actively learn as well as demonstrate critical thinking, science process skill, problem-solving skills, increase students' interests, experiences, and participation in learning, and boost motivation and problem-solving skills (Apriwanda, Mahanan, Ibrahim, Surif, Osman & Bunyamin, 2021;Chiang & Lee, 2016;Rambocas & Sastry, 2017;Uziak, 2016). STEM was first coined by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1990 as an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, but the concept started to gain popularity in 2003 (Yllana-Prieto, Jeong & González-Gómez, 2021). Science is the systematic study of the nature and behavior of material and physical universe, based on observations, experiments, and measurements, and the formulation of laws to describe facts in general (White, 2014).…”