Virtual Environments for Design Research: Lessons Learned from use of Fully Immersive Virtual Reality in Interior Design Research

Kalantari, Saleh; Neo, Jun Rong Jeffrey

doi:10.1111/joid.12171

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition to the value of precise environmental manipulation for creating rigorous study protocols, the use of VEs as a research tool can help to achieve larger study population sizes 6,7 , and can have significant cost benefits in comparison to physical prototyping [8][9][10][11][12] . The safety benefits of VEs compared to real-world environments can promote the inclusion of populations that might not be able to participate in real-world studies, such as elderly individuals or those with cognitive impairment 13 .…”

Section: Comparing Physiological Responses During Cognitive Tests In Virtual Environments Vs In Identical Real-world Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments

Kalantari

Rounds

Kan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Immersive virtual environments (VEs) are increasingly used to evaluate human responses to design variables. VEs provide a tremendous capacity to isolate and readily adjust specific features of an architectural or product design. They also allow researchers to safely and effectively measure performance factors and physiological responses. However, the success of this form of design-testing depends on the generalizability of response measurements between VEs and real-world contexts. At the current time, there is very limited research evaluating the consistency of human response data across identical real and virtual environments. Rendering tools were used to precisely replicate a real-world classroom in virtual space. Participants were recruited and asked to complete a series of cognitive tests in the real classroom and in the virtual classroom. Physiological data were collected during these tests, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), electrooculography (EOG), galvanic skin response (GSR), and head acceleration. Participants’ accuracy on the cognitive tests did not significantly differ between the real classroom and the identical VE. However, the participants answered the tests more rapidly in the VE. No significant differences were found in eye blink rate and heart rate between the real and VR settings. Head acceleration and GSR variance were lower in the VE setting. Overall, EEG frequency band-power was not significantly altered between the real-world classroom and the VE. Analysis of EEG event-related potentials likewise indicated strong similarity between the real-world classroom and the VE, with a single exception related to executive functioning in a color-mismatch task.

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Section: Comparing Physiological Responses During Cognitive Tests In Virtual Environments Vs In Identical Real-world Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments

Kalantari

Rounds

Kan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Today's high-resolution virtual environments are becoming astonishingly lifelike, opening new opportunities to study various types of human behavior in a controlled context. The use of virtual reality (VR) is already widespread in behavioral (Makransky et al, 2019), cognitive (Wolbers and Büchel, 2005), medical (Plancher et al, 2012;Clay et al, 2020), and design research (Kalantari and Neo, 2020). This technology allows researchers to isolate and adjust environmental variables in a way that would not be possible in the real world.…”

Section: The Use Of Virtual Reality In Navigational Behavior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Posterior EEG Theta Band to Assess the Effects of Architectural Designs on Landmark Recognition in an Urban Setting

Rounds

Cruz-Garza

Kalantari

2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The process of urban landmark-based navigation has proven to be difficult to study in a rigorous fashion, primarily due to confounding variables and the problem of obtaining reliable data in real-world contexts. The development of high-resolution, immersive virtual reality technologies has opened exciting new possibilities for gathering data on human wayfinding that could not otherwise be readily obtained. We developed a research platform using a virtual environment and electroencephalography (EEG) to better understand the neural processes associated with landmark usage and recognition during urban navigation tasks. By adjusting the architectural parameters of different buildings in this virtual environment, we isolated and tested specific design features to determine whether or not they served as a target for landmarking. EEG theta band (4–7 Hz) event-related synchronization/desynchronization over posterior scalp areas was evaluated at the time when participants observed each target building along a predetermined self-paced route. A multi-level linear model was used to investigate the effects of salient architectural features on posterior scalp areas. Our results support the conclusion that highly salient architectural features—those that contrast sharply with the surrounding environment—are more likely to attract visual attention, remain in short-term memory, and activate brain regions associated with wayfinding compared with non-salient buildings. After establishing this main aggregate effect, we evaluated specific salient architectural features and neural correlates of navigation processing. The buildings that most strongly associated extended gaze time, location recall accuracy, and changes in theta-band neural patterns with landmarking in our study were those that incorporated rotational twist designs and natural elements such as trees and gardens. Other building features, such as unusual façade patterns or building heights, were to a lesser extent also associated with landmarking.

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“…The increase in incorporation of technological tools and software in the design process [35,77] has uncovered a few other deterrents hindering SIAD practice. Examples of this include the lack of access/utilization of technical tools such as Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR and VR) technologies [60], a lack of wide adoption of BIM within the IAD industry [44], and a lack of straightforward simulation-based software to be used by interior architects/designers [61].…”

Section: Market Information and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Deterrents to the Practice of Sustainable Interior Architecture and Design

2021

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The interior environment as the place where people spend nearly 95% of their time in, has recently received considerable attention within the domain of the built environment. The concept of Sustainable Interior Architecture and Design (SIAD) and its significance have been recognized given its potential for energy conservation, and its impacts on occupants’ satisfaction, comfort, as well as their physical and psychological wellbeing. Although the adoption of SIAD is crucial in achieving the sustainable development goals, its practice is still hindered by numerous deterrents. A number of studies have reported on these deterrents; however, there is no comprehensive review of the literature on this topic. Thus, as a first step toward addressing the present gap, this article provides a two decade (2000–2021) systematic review of the relevant literature that investigates a total of 51 publications. Furthermore, a scientometric analysis was conducted, and the co-citation and co-occurrence of journals and keywords were analyzed to illustrate the scientific landscape. A comprehensive summary table is provided consisting of 61 deterrents to the practice of SIAD that are categorized into five main categories: (1) economic; (2) attitude, knowledge, and awareness; (3) market, information, and technology; (4) education and training; as well as (5) government and professional bodies. Finally, the findings are deliberated upon and directions for future research are discussed.

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Virtual Environments for Design Research: Lessons Learned from use of Fully Immersive Virtual Reality in Interior Design Research

Cited by 45 publications

References 48 publications

Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments

Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments

Using Posterior EEG Theta Band to Assess the Effects of Architectural Designs on Landmark Recognition in an Urban Setting

A Comprehensive Review of Deterrents to the Practice of Sustainable Interior Architecture and Design

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