Virtual environment technologies

Avis, Nicholas John

doi:10.3109/13645700009061455

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The mechanical characterization of soft biological tissues is essential to a number of medical applications, such as surgery planning, surgical training deploying virtual reality based simulators, or diagnosis (see [1], [2], [3], [4]). Quantitative sets are available on the mechanical properties of soft tissues, however very limited data are available on the in-vivo behaviour of soft tissues associated with human organs ( [5], [6], [7]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Soft Human Tissues through Aspiration Experiments

Nava

Mazza

Kleinermann

et al. 2003

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Mechanical models for soft human organs are necessary for a variety of medical applications, such as surgical planning, virtual reality surgery simulators, and for diagnostic purposes. An adequate quantitative description of the mechanical behaviour of human organs requires high quality experimental data to be acquired and analyzed. We present a novel technique for the acquisition of such data from soft tissues and its post processing to determine some parameters of the tissue's mechanical properties. A small tube is applied to the target organ and a weak vacuum is generated inside the tube according to a predefined pressure history. A video camera grabs images of the deformation profile of the aspirated tissue, and a pressure sensor measures the correspondent vacuum level. The images are processed and used to inform the fitting of uniaxial and continuum mechanics models. Whilst the aspiration test device has been designed to fulfill the requirements for in-vivo applications, for measurements obtained during open surgery, initial experiments performed on human cadaveric tissues demonstrate the ability to both differentiate between different organs and also between normal and diseased organs on the basis of the derived mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Soft Human Tissues through Aspiration Experiments

Nava

Mazza

Kleinermann

et al. 2003

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…Examples are the use of computer methods to simulate trauma (Snedeker et al 2002), and surgical planning and surgical training using virtual reality (Brett et al 1995;Burdea 1996;Koch et al 1996;Avis 2000;Szekely 2003). In most cases the goal of simulations related to the face has been to produce realistic animations of facial expressions (Parke 1982;Lee et al 1995;Koch et al 1996;Zhang et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations for aging facial tissues

Mazza¹,

Papes²,

Rubin

et al. 2005

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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This paper reports on the initial stages of a project to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of an aging human face. A cross-section of the facial structure is considered to consist of a multilayered composite of tissues with differing mechanical behavior. The constitutive properties of these tissues are incorporated into a finite element model of the three-dimensional facial geometry. Relatively short time (elastic-viscoplastic) behavior is governed by equations previously developed which are consistent with mechanical tests. The long time response is controlled by the aging elastic components of the tissues. An aging function is introduced which, in a simplified manner, captures the observed loss of stiffness of these aging elastic components due to the history of straining as well as other physiological and environmental influences. Calculations have been performed for 30 years of exposure to gravitational forces. Progressive gravimetric soft tissue descent is simulated, which is regarded as the main indication of facial aging. Results are presented for the deformations and stress distributions in the layers of the soft tissues.

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“…In view of this, in this paper we present experimental results on the response of "virgin" skin by subjecting it strain cycling at different rates, with both full and partial unloading. It is hoped that the results will be of use to modelers of skin for use in surgical simulators or virtual reality simulators, diagnosis as well as simulation of the interaction of skin with wearable devices [2] and [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Inelastic Response of Pig and Rat Skin Under Uniaxial Cyclic Mechanical Loading

2020

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Skin is a highly non-linear, anisotropic, rate dependent inelastic, and nearly incompressible material which exhibits substantial hysteresis even under very slow (quasistatic) loading conditions. In this paper, a series of uniaxial cyclic loading tests of porcine and rat skin at different strain rates and with samples oriented in different directions (with respect to the spine) were conducted to study the effect of strain rate and samples orientations with respect to spine on mullins effect and skin inelastic response. A noteworthy feature of skin is that, similar to certain filled rubbers, its mechanical response shifts after the first extension and exhibits softening and hysteresis when loaded under cyclic tension and mullins effect is observed. The results of these strain-controlled cyclic loading tests also indicated that the extent of softening is different for different strain rates and orientations. Also a substantial hysteresis persists even at very low strain rates indicating inelastic behavior beyond the rate sensitive viscoelastic response. Through this series of experiments, by investigating the effect of strain rate on pig skin and rat skin, we conclude that the skin response is rate dependent but inelastic and shows irreversible changes in fiber orientation which are observed in histology re-

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Virtual environment technologies

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Soft Human Tissues through Aspiration Experiments

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Soft Human Tissues through Aspiration Experiments

Nonlinear elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations for aging facial tissues

Experimental Investigation of the Inelastic Response of Pig and Rat Skin Under Uniaxial Cyclic Mechanical Loading

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