Virtual Dialogue: Native and Nonnative English Speakers’ Input on Measured Written Performance

Conceptual framework for teaching civic education in the adult English as a second language classroom

“…Despite these challenges, one writing instruction technique that has proved successful for learning English as a second or foreign language is writing letters. Many studies have shown that writing letters, such in the case of pen pal projects and virtual e‐mail exchanges (Larrotta & Chung, 2020; Larrotta & Serrano, 2012; Lin & Fang, 2009; Quezada & Santillán, 2021; Wang, 2019) and in dialogue journals (Holmes & Moulton, 1997; Kim, 2005; Linnell, 2010; Orem, 2001), not only foster linguistic gains among learners but also facilitate dialogue, self‐reflection, expressing and exchanging of ideas, and empathy which are all necessary tools to build civic efficacy. No letter exchanges and correspondences were made among the participants; the focus of the activity was strictly for the learners to learn how to produce these letters.…”