“…The motivations for employing virtual workplace within SMEs are due to changes in the regulatory environment and developments that occur to it, scientific and technical progress, the development of the means of technology used in the work environment, the tendencies of the business or management personnel, the general policies, in times of crisis, emergency, and the spread of epidemics and diseases such as the Covid-19 virus, and limiting the spread of the virus (Ministry of Development and Local Resources, 2020). The breakout of Covid-19, according to Amuso, Poletti, and Montibello (2021), has prompted organizations to consider how technology may stimulate creativity and how innovation might influence their long-term survival. As a result, SMEs have turned to virtual work arrangements to help them improve their competitiveness while also supporting sustainable development and labor safety, allowing them to streamline product development, marketing, and problemsolving (see Casalino, uchowski, Labrinos, Munoz Nieto, & Martn, 2019;Nurunnabi, Alhawal, & Hoque, 2020).…”