Virtual and Real Body Experience Comparison Using Mixed Reality Cycling Environment

Abstract

Different solutions present the usage of bicycles with Head Mounted Display (HMD) in which virtual scenarios are visualized as background for athletes trainings or as cardiac patient rehabilitation systems. However, assessments on presence, degrees of immersion and user involvement with real bicycles in those virtual scenarios still are rare. In this paper we present a haptic interface of a real bicycle using HMDs as a mixed reality display using a procedural city as a background scenario. To measure and evaluate presence, two experiments had been conducted. One that simulates a virtual reality mode and a second that corresponds to a mixed reality mode. By think aloud method, it was possible to analyze the degree of presence, through control, focus, immersion and involvement factors. Six of the seven participants described that immersion is augmented as well as the feeling of presence in the mixed reality interface, feeling a better experience with the improvement of movements. Issues related to comfort and the visual graphic were also evaluated with some results on the stimulus that also opens new possibilities for future works in different areas.

WaveFunctionCollapse: Content Generation via Constraint Solving and Machine Learning

“…One of the most unexpected was developed by Martin O'Leary, a glaciologist who also makes "weird internet stuff" [33] including twitter bots and generated travel guides. Inspired by WFC, O'Leary created a poetry generator called Oisín which enforces rhyme/meter constraints to construct sonnets, 34 limericks, 35 and ballads. 36 In personal correspondence with us, O'Leary explained that, "I treat syllables as the basic unit, so each 'tile' is a sequence of syllables (tagged with the word/position it comes from)."…”

“…In "Addressing the Fundamental Tension of PCGML with Discriminative Learning", we use WFC to discuss the tension between having to author enough training data and saving effort. They also discuss how the overlap model's pattern classifier/renderer uses machine learning (similar to autoencoders) 34 "Using @ExUtumno's "wavefunction collapse" algorithm to enforce rhyme/meter constraints in text (Alice in Wonderland as Shakespearean sonnet)" https://twitter.com/mewo2/status/789167437518217216 35 "Also, Pride and Prejudice as a limerick. Turns out the limerick constraints are much harder to satisfy than sonnets, which are easy to write" https://twitter.com/mewo2/status/789177702620114945 36 "Moby Dick in a conveniently singable ballad form, thanks to WFC" https://twitter.com/mewo2/status/789187174683987968 37 https://boristhebrave.github.io/DeBroglie/ 38 https://github.com/lamelizard/GraphWaveFunctionCollapse and https:// github.com/lamelizard/GraphWaveFunctionCollapse/blob/master/thesis.pdf and how can use multiple input sources as part of a mixedinitiative design approach [21].…”

“…Khokhlov, Koh, and Huang developed a voxel synthesis approach based on WFC and Merrell's texture synthesis work, taking advantage of WFC's ability to learn from single-input models [34]. Oliveria et al used WFC to generate a city as part of an experiment into mixed reality cycling environments [35]. Scurti and Verbrugge used WFC as part of a pipeline to generate example-based paths based on nonprogrammer input [36].…”

Virtual and Real Body Representation in Mixed Reality: An Analysis of Self-presence and Immersive Environments

“…This implementation of haptic interfaces in virtual systems contributes to increase user presence, but without haptic feedback in the interactions [21,22], which should be consistent with the actions performed in the real world, in order to avoid the effect of sensory conflicts [23,24] and possible breakdown of immersion and presence. This was the motivation for [2], who implemented an haptic system using a standard commercial bicycle to allow the interactivity of the experiment to be as close as possible with a realistic situation, since its handlebars can be moved freely with the hands of the participant, either by viewing a real or a virtual avatar. As an extra complement, we developed integrated questionnaires as an alternative to obtain the data, avoiding any possible presence breakdown and increasing the consistency of the data response variance, as based on recent works [25].…”

“…In a recent work [2] we introduced the concept of real egocentric representation: real hands, forearms and legs appearance, capturing images from the Head Mounted Display (HMD) camera and showing tangible interfaces feedback for the user. We define here the concept of real avatar and virtual avatar representation.…”