Virosome Presents Multimodel Cancer Therapy without Viral Replication

Abstract

A virosome is an artificial envelope that includes viral surface proteins and lacks the ability to produce progeny virus. Virosomes are able to introduce an encapsulated macromolecule into the cytoplasm of cells using their viral envelope fusion ability. Moreover, virus-derived factors have an adjuvant effect for immune stimulation. Therefore, many virosomes have been utilized as drug delivery vectors and adjuvants for cancer therapy. This paper introduces the application of virosomes for cancer treatment. In Particular, we focus on virosomes derived from the influenza and Sendai viruses which have been widely used for cancer therapy. Influenza virosomes have been mainly applied as drug delivery vectors and adjuvants. By contrast, the Sendai virosomes have been mainly applied as anticancer immune activators and apoptosis inducers.

Bioinspired and Biomimetic Nanotherapies for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases

“…Nevertheless, their broad applications remain limited, largely due to the potential risk of immunogenicity. This issue can be partly addressed by modification of virosomes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and targeting moieties (Khoshnejad et al, 2007; Saga and Kaneda, 2013). In this aspect, different ligands and antibodies are incorporated into virosomes to reduce off-target effects (Khoshnejad et al, 2007; Li et al, 2018).…”

Salmonella Typhimurium as a potential anticancer agent: A Review

“…Surgery and radiation therapy are associated with being limited to localized tumours. 4 Chemotherapy may induce severe side effects including, toxicity, poor tumour targeting, limited tissue penetration, development of drugresistance and lack of tumour specificity, resulting in undesirable side effects on healthy cells. 5 These limitations are infrequently associated with incomplete eradication of cancerous cells, possible regrowth and/or secondary neoplasia.…”

Cancer vaccine adjuvants

“…Ряд публикаций посвящен исследованию в качестве адъювантов противоопухолевых вакцин виросом, сферических вирусных частиц без генетического материала вируса и нуклеокапсида, неспособных к репликации и инфицированию, но сохраняющих способность родительского вирусного штамма к проникновению в клетки [28,29]. Впервые виросомы были созданы в 1975 г. J.D.…”