Viromics and infectivity analysis reveal the release of infective plant viruses from wastewater into the environment

Bačnik, Katarina; Kutnjak, Denis; Pecman, Anja; Mehle, Nataša; Žnidarič, Magda Tušek; Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Ion; Ravnikar, Maja

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115628

Cited by 55 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In combination with the bioinformatic analysis of the obtained raw data, it makes possible to detect all known pathogens and discover new ones from symptomatic or asymptomatic plants, as well as substrates, e.g. water or soil [ 26 ]. HTS was first used in 2009 for the detection of plant viruses, and since then, it has often been used as a diagnostic tool [ 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Sequencing Facilitates Discovery of New Plant Viruses in Poland

Minicka

Zarzyńska‐Nowak

Budzyńska

et al. 2020

Plants

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Viruses cause epidemics on all major crops of agronomic importance, and a timely and accurate identification is essential for control. High throughput sequencing (HTS) is a technology that allows the identification of all viruses without prior knowledge on the targeted pathogens. In this paper, we used HTS technique for the detection and identification of different viral species occurring in single and mixed infections in plants in Poland. We analysed various host plants representing different families. Within the 20 tested samples, we identified a total of 13 different virus species, including those whose presence has not been reported in Poland before: clover yellow mosaic virus (ClYMV) and melandrium yellow fleck virus (MYFV). Due to this new finding, the obtained sequences were compared with others retrieved from GenBank. In addition, cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) was also detected, and due to the recent occurrence of this virus in Poland, a phylogenetic analysis of these new isolates was performed. The analysis revealed that CABYV population is highly diverse and the Polish isolates of CABYV belong to two different phylogenetic groups. Our results showed that HTS-based technology is a valuable diagnostic tool for the identification of different virus species originating from variable hosts, and can provide rapid information about the spectrum of plant viruses previously not detected in a region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Sequencing Facilitates Discovery of New Plant Viruses in Poland

Minicka

Zarzyńska‐Nowak

Budzyńska

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Due to prevailing environmental conditions, the transmission possibility through animals might happen but still needs to be investigated. Several viral families (highly stable pathogens) remain infective and transport long distances in water [118] , which increased the potential impact when reclaimed wastewater was used for irrigation and animal husbandry. Studies on water-mediated plant virus transmission with reference to WWTPs, virus inactivation need to be investigated thoroughly along with enteric virus-plant association [118] , [119] .…”

Section: Environmental Factors Influence On the Virus Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 in environmental perspective: Occurrence, persistence, surveillance, inactivation and challenges

Mohan

Hemalatha

Kopperi

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

122

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“…These can then serve as the infection routes for humans, animals and plants, making waterborne viruses an increasing concern (Mehle et al, 2018b). Metagenomic analysis has revealed the presence of rich viral diversity in wastewater samples, where human enteric viruses and plant viruses from the genus Tobamovirus were among the most relevant human and plant viruses, respectively, (Bačnik et al, 2020;Martínez-Puchol et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another tobamovirus, cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), is also re-emerging and causing significant losses of cucurbit crops (Dombrovsky et al, 2017). Reports of infective tobamoviruses in treated wastewater (Bačnik et al, 2020) or environmental waters (Jeżewska et al, 2018) and their survival in the nutrient solution for up to 6 months (Pares et al, 1992) suggest that water might have an important role in the epidemiology and transmission of these viruses. This has been further confirmed by studies that have reported watermediated transmission of CGMMV (Li et al, 2016) and other tobamoviruses, and this becomes especially relevant for crops grown using hydroponics (Mehle and Ravnikar, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a tobamovirus very closely related to the above-mentioned ToBRFV and CGMMV. PMMoV causes disease in pepper plants, and as for other tobamoviruses, it has recently been confirmed to remain infective after wastewater treatment in a WWTP (Bačnik et al, 2020). This represents a risk for regions where reclaimed water is used for irrigation (Thebo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inactivation of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus in Water by Cold Atmospheric Plasma

et al. 2021

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Water scarcity is one of the greatest threats for human survival and quality of life, and this is increasingly contributing to the risk of human, animal and plant infections due to waterborne viruses. Viruses are transmitted through polluted water, where they can survive and cause infections even at low concentrations. Plant viruses from the genus Tobamovirus are highly mechanically transmissible, and cause considerable damage to important crops, such as tomato. The release of infective tobamoviruses into environmental waters has been reported, with the consequent risk for arid regions, where these waters are used for irrigation. Virus inactivation in water is thus very important and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is emerging in this field as an efficient, safe, and sustainable alternative to classic waterborne virus inactivation methods. In the present study we evaluated CAP-mediated inactivation of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in water samples. PMMoV is a very resilient water-transmissible tobamovirus that can survive transit through the human digestive tract. The efficiency of PMMoV inactivation was characterized for infectivity and virion integrity, and at the genome level, using test plant infectivity assays, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular methods, respectively. Additionally, the safety of CAP treatment was determined by testing the cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of CAP-treated water on the HepG2 cell line. 5-min treatment with CAP was sufficient to inactivate PMMoV without introducing any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects in the in-vitro cell model system. These data on inactivation of such stable waterborne virus, PMMoV, will encourage further examination of CAP as an alternative for treatment of potable and irrigation waters, and even for other water sources, with emphasis on inactivation of various viruses including enteric viruses.

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Viromics and infectivity analysis reveal the release of infective plant viruses from wastewater into the environment

Cited by 55 publications

References 52 publications

High-Throughput Sequencing Facilitates Discovery of New Plant Viruses in Poland

High-Throughput Sequencing Facilitates Discovery of New Plant Viruses in Poland

SARS-CoV-2 in environmental perspective: Occurrence, persistence, surveillance, inactivation and challenges

Inactivation of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus in Water by Cold Atmospheric Plasma

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