Virgin Olive Oil Study (VOLOS): vasoprotective potential of extra virgin olive oil in mildly dyslipidemic patients

Abstract

EVOO consumption by mildly dyslipidemic patients is associated with favorable changes in circulating markers of cardiovascular condition. Based on current knowledge, these effects may be associated with cardioprotection.

Anti-inflammatory effect of virgin olive oil in stable coronary disease patients: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial

“…Data from randomized, controlled intervention studies on the effect of olive oil and its PC consumption on systemic inflammatory markers in humans are scarce. Recently, in two randomized crossover studies, virgin olive oil, rich in polyphenols, was shown to be more effective in lowering LTB 4 and TXB 2 than refined olive oil (ROO), with a low phenolic content, both at postprandial state in healthy subjects (Bogani et al, 2007) and after sustained consumption in mildly dyslipidemic patients (Visioli et al, 2005).…”

Virgin olive oil in preventive medicine: From legend to epigenetics

“…The administration of hydroxytyrosol to adult volunteers has been shown to reduce the production of TXB2, an effect that is observable in both hyperlipaemic subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. In the latter group, a reduction of 46% in serum TXB2 was observed, with a preventive action against thrombotic and microthrombotic events [44,50]. It has also been known for many years that patients with cardiac pathologies, who may have chronic activation of thrombogenic mechanisms (prothrombotic situation) may get benefits from EVOO [28].…”

“…The phenols, on the other hand, in addition to protecting both humans and experimental animal models from the harmful action of free radicals and reducing TXB2, also inhibit platelet aggregation and alteration of the platelet/vascular wall, reduce fibrinogen, factor VII and the principal suppressant of hemostasis (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, or PAI-1), thereby increasing fibrinolysis [44][45][46][47][48][49]. The anti-thrombotic role of EVOO phenols in addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are well characterized, was and they has been demonstrated to reduce TXB2 and LTB4 after a meal containing high quantities of EVOO [47].…”

“…The phenolic compounds, delay atherosclerosis due to their capacity to reduce the expression of both oxidized LDL and cellular adhesion molecules at the endothelial level [16,44,58,59]. Today, the level of oxidized LDL is considered both a marker for oxidative damage and subclinical atherosclerosis as a predictive index of acute cardiovascular disease.…”

“…Oleic acid [20] Inhibition of platelet aggregation and alteration of the platelet/vascular wall, reduction of fibrinogen, factor VII and the principal suppressant of hemostasis, thereby increasing fibrinolysis Phenolic compounds [44][45][46][47][48][49] Reduction of TXB2 and LTB4 in both hyperlipaemic subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes [44,50] Chemo-protective action and improvement of the endothelium function Phenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) [44,50] Preventive action against thrombotic and microthrombotic events in patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipaemic subjects Hydroxytyrosol [44,50] Reduction of risks for patients with cardiac pathologies [25] Oxidation and oxidative stress Maintenance of cellular integrity and reduction of ageing High level of oleic acid and lack of excess of linoleic acid [56] Anti-inflammatory and vasodilatative action a-linolenic acid (ALA) [60] Delay of atherosclerosis Phenolic compounds [16,44,59, 60] Prevention of oxidation of cells-membrane lipids and plasma lipoproteins, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis Tocopherols [43,60] Reduced production of free radicals and prevention of damages to the cellular membrane, mitochondria, and DNA, with beneficial effects on aging and cancer risk [66,67] Inflammation Anti-inflammatory action by non-selectively inhibition of the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes Oleocanthal [38,69] Protection against various pathological conditions (10 types of tumors including colon, stomach, breast, prostate, lung, and Alzheimer's disease) Oleocanthal [72,73,78] Obesity and diabetes Reduction of risk by inhibition of the activation of NF-kB at the cellular level Phenols, carotenoids, and tocopherols [60,92] Protective action on mitochondria, reduced production of free radicals and protection against DNA oxidation [60,…”