Virgin Olive Oil By-Products: Biological Activity of Phenolic Extract of Pâté on AGS Gastric Cells

Abstract

Pâté is a by-product of olive oil production which represents an abundant source of phenolic compounds and can be used for food formulation, reducing its environmental impact and promoting a circular economy. In this context, the effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of pâté were evaluated for the first time in an AGS human cell line commonly used as model of gastric mucosa. Pâté was obtained from Tuscan olives; the total phenolic content was 16.6 mg/g dried extract, with verbascoside and secoiridoid derivatives as the most abundant phenols. The phenolic pâté extract did not alter viability, distribution of cell cycle phases or proliferation and migration of AGS cells at the tested concentrations. Seven enzymes were chosen to investigate the metabolic effect of the pâté extract in the context of oxidative stress. Pâté produced a statistically significant increase in the activity of key enzymes of some metabolic pathways: Lactate dehydrogenase, Enolase, Pyruvate kinase, Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Citrate synthase, 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and Hexokinase. Pre-treatments with the extract of pâté at 100 µg/mL or 200 µg/mL, as observed through PCA analysis, appeared able to counteract the enzymatic activity alterations due to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 1 mM and 2 mM. The results indicate that dried pâté, due to its phenolic components, can be proposed as a new functional food ingredient.

AGS Gastric Cells: Antioxidant Activity and Metabolic Effects of Phenolic Extracts from Different Monocultivar Virgin Olive Oils

“…The results discussed above are in agreement with the data presented in a recent work, where the olive pomace (pâté) phytocomplex was tested on the same cell model (AGS) as a countermeasure against oxidative stress induced by H 2 O 2 [27]. From the chemical point of view, even if pâté and virgin olive oil originated from the same fruit, the phenolic composition of the two phytocomplexes is different.…”

“…Analogously, the cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of six secoiridoids extracted from EVOOs were evaluated and compared on several cancer cell lines, including AGS cells [26]. Recently, a similar approach was applied to study the phenolic phytocomplex of a by-product of virgin olive oil production named pâté and characterized by a different phenolic profile [27]. In this context, the present research aimed to evaluate how phenolic extracts from monocultivar EVOOs with a different phenolic content affect proliferation, migration and redox status of AGS cells.…”