Virality, only the tip of the iceberg: ways of spread and interaction around COVID-19 misinformation in Twitter

Abstract

Misinformation has long been a weapon that helps the political, social, and economic interests of different sectors. This became more evident with the transmission of false information in the COVID-19 pandemic, compromising citizens’ health by anti-vaccine recommendations, the denial of the coronavirus and false remedies. Online social networks are the breeding ground for falsehoods and conspiracy theories. Users can share viral misinformation or publish it on their own. This encourages a double analysis of this issue: the need to capture the deluge of false information as opposed to the real one and the study of users’ patterns to interact with that infodemic. As a response to this, our work combines the use of artificial intelligence and journalism through fact-checked false claims to provide an in-depth study of the number of retweets, likes, replies, quotes and repeated texts in posts stating or contradicting misinformation in Twitter. The large sample of tweets was collected and automatically analysed through Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, not to give all the attention only to the posts with a big impact but to all the messages contributing to the expansion of false information or its rejection regardless of their virality. This analysis revealed that the diffusion of tweets surrounding coronavirus-related misinformation is not only a domain of viral tweets, but also from posts without interactions, which represent most of the sample, and that there are no big differences between misinformation and its contradiction in general, except for the use of replies.

Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Social Media Virality: Content Analysis of Message Themes and Writing Strategies

“…Additionally, only a handful of studies have investigated the impact of misinformation on vaccine hesitancy as exhibited in virality in the form of comments, reactions, and shares on social media (eg, [ 12 , 17 , 46 , 50 - 53 ]). Specifically, one study focused on both pro- and antivaccine themes on Twitter from 2014 to 2017, noting that safety concerns and conspiracy theories were the most prevalent themes, and these themes were associated with sentiment-based opinions [ 12 ].…”

Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Social Media Virality: Content Analysis of Message Themes and Writing Strategies (Preprint)

“…Additionally, only a handful of studies have investigated the impact of misinformation on vaccine hesitancy as exhibited in virality in the form of comments, reactions, and shares on social media (eg, [12,17,46,[50][51][52][53]). Specifically, one study focused on both pro-and antivaccine themes on Twitter from 2014 to 2017, noting that safety concerns and conspiracy theories were the most prevalent themes, and these themes were associated with sentiment-based opinions [12].…”

Topic selectivity and adaptivity promote spreading of short messages

“…Information has a profound impact on our life. It can influence opinions and shape collective decisions, including voting 1 – 3 or behavior in crisis situations 4 . This is especially true in recent years, with social networks becoming one of if not the most important source of information for people 5 .…”