Viral Vectors for Plant Genome Engineering

Zaidi, Syed Shan-e-Ali; Mansoor, Shahid

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00539

Cited by 110 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Finally, our results suggest a co‐regulation of TEs and nearby disease resistance genes in TRV‐infected DNA (de)methylation mutants. Our findings provide new insights into the regulatory roles of epigenetic silencing in compatible viral infections, and alert from potential drawbacks when TRV is used as a vector for functional genomics and genome engineering (Zaidi and Mansoor, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Crosstalk between epigenetic silencing and infection by tobacco rattle virus in Arabidopsis

Diezma-Navas

Pérez-González

Artaza

et al. 2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism for controlling innate immunity against microbial pathogens in plants. Little is known, however, about the manner in which viral infections interact with DNA methylation pathways. Here we investigate the crosstalk between epigenetic silencing and viral infections in Arabidopsis inflorescences. We found that tobacco rattle virus (TRV) causes changes in the expression of key transcriptional gene silencing factors with RNA‐directed DNA methylation activities that coincide with changes in methylation at the whole genome level. Viral susceptibility/resistance was altered in DNA (de)methylation‐deficient mutants, suggesting that DNA methylation is an important regulatory system controlling TRV proliferation. We further show that several transposable elements (TEs) underwent transcriptional activation during TRV infection, and that TE regulation likely involved both DNA methylation‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms. We identified a cluster of disease resistance genes regulated by DNA methylation in infected plants that were enriched for TEs in their promoters. Interestingly, TEs and nearby resistance genes were co‐regulated in TRV‐infected DNA (de)methylation mutants. Our study shows that DNA methylation contributes to modulate the outcome of viral infections in Arabidopsis, and opens up new possibilities for exploring the role of TE regulation in antiviral defence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Crosstalk between epigenetic silencing and infection by tobacco rattle virus in Arabidopsis

Diezma-Navas

Pérez-González

Artaza

et al. 2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…However, the efficiency of IL-60 system to silence grape genes remains to be demonstrated. Recently, viral-based vectors have been developed as promising tools for plant genome engineering including the use of genome editing (Zaidi and Mansoor, 2017). Gene targeting (GT) efficiency relies on the delivery method of GT reagents (sequence specific nucleases and repair templates) to plant cells.…”

Section: Virus-derived Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The state-of-the-art of grapevine biotechnology and new breeding technologies (NBTS)

et al. 2019

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Context of the review:The manipulation of the genetic basis controlling grapevine adaptation and phenotypic plasticity can be performed either by classical genetics or biotechnologies. In the last 15 years, considerable knowledge has accumulated about the grapevine genome as well as the mechanisms involved in the interaction of the vine with the environment, pests and diseases. Despite the difficulties associated with genetic mapping in this species (allele diversity, chimerism, long generation intervals…), several major QTLs (quantitative trait loci) controlling important vegetative or reproductive traits have been identified. Considering the huge genotypic and phenotypic diversities existing in Vitis, breeding offers a substantial range of options to improve the performances of cultivars. However, even if marker-assisted selection was largely developed to shorten breeding programs, the selection of improved cultivars, whether for agronomic traits or disease tolerances, is still long and uncertain. Moreover, breeding by crossing does not preserve cultivar genetic background, when the wine industry and market are still based on varietal wines. Significance of the review: In grapevine, pioneering biotechnologies were set up in the 1960s to propagate and/or clean the material from micro-organisms. In the 1990s, the basis of genetic engineering was primary established through biolistic or Agrobacterium with several derived technologies refined in the last 10 years. The latest advance is represented by a group of technologies based on genome editing which allows a much more precise modification of the genome. These technologies, so-called NBTs (new breeding technologies), which theoretically do not deconstruct the phenotype of existing cultivars, could be potentially better accepted by the wine industry and consumers than previous GMO (genetically modified organism) approaches. This paper reviews the current state-ofthe-art of the biotechnologies available for grapevine genome manipulation and future prospects for genetic improvement.

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“…Most recently, it has been demonstrated that plant viruses or their derivatives can be used to deliver CRISPR-Cas reagents consisting of single guide RNAs (gRNAs), DNA repair templates, and site-specific nucleases such as Cas9 (Ali et al, 2015;Ali, Eid, Ali, & Mahfouz, 2018;Butler, Baltes, Voytas, & Douches, 2016;Cody, Scholthof, & Mirkov, 2017;Dahan-Meir et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2019;Gil-Humanes et al, 2017;Jiang et al, 2019;Mahas, Ali, Tashkandi, & Mahfouz, 2019;Wang et al, 2017). These capabilities show that plant viruses can be useful biotechnological tools for gene function studies in plants, and they can have practical applications as well (Pasin et al, 2019;Zaidi & Mansoor, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein expression and gene editing in monocots using foxtail mosaic virus vectors

Beernink

Ellison

et al. 2019

Plant Direct

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Plant viruses can be engineered to carry sequences that direct silencing of target host genes, expression of heterologous proteins, or editing of host genes. A set of foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) vectors was developed that can be used for transient gene expression and single guide RNA delivery for Cas9‐mediated gene editing in maize, Setaria viridis, and Nicotiana benthamiana. This was accomplished by duplicating the FoMV capsid protein subgenomic promoter, abolishing the unnecessary open reading frame 5A, and inserting a cloning site containing unique restriction endonuclease cleavage sites immediately after the duplicated promoter. The modified FoMV vectors transiently expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) and bialaphos resistance (BAR) protein in leaves of systemically infected maize seedlings. GFP was detected in epidermal and mesophyll cells by epifluorescence microscopy, and expression was confirmed by Western blot analyses. Plants infected with FoMV carrying the bar gene were temporarily protected from a glufosinate herbicide, and expression was confirmed using a rapid antibody‐based BAR strip test. Expression of these proteins was stabilized by nucleotide substitutions in the sequence of the duplicated promoter region. Single guide RNAs expressed from the duplicated promoter mediated edits in the N. benthamiana Phytoene desaturase gene, the S. viridis Carbonic anhydrase 2 gene, and the maize HKT1 gene encoding a potassium transporter. The efficiency of editing was enhanced in the presence of synergistic viruses and a viral silencing suppressor. This work expands the utility of FoMV for virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS), virus‐mediated overexpression (VOX), and virus‐enabled gene editing (VEdGE) in monocots.

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Viral Vectors for Plant Genome Engineering

Cited by 110 publications

References 42 publications

Crosstalk between epigenetic silencing and infection by tobacco rattle virus in Arabidopsis

Crosstalk between epigenetic silencing and infection by tobacco rattle virus in Arabidopsis

The state-of-the-art of grapevine biotechnology and new breeding technologies (NBTS)

Protein expression and gene editing in monocots using foxtail mosaic virus vectors

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