Viral satellites: parasitic nucleic acids capable of modulating disease expression

The effect of temperature on the response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rutgers) to infections with the necrogenic cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) satellite D-CARNA 5 was investigated with each of four CMV strains D, 1, Y and S functioning as helper virus. At 24 degrees C lethal necrosis was observed in all infections. However, at 32 degrees C the response varied from total absence or reduction of necrosis with some strains to accelerated lethal necrosis with others. The total lack of necrotic response with CMV-S and the aggravated necrosis with CMV-Y at the higher temperature both turned out to be independent of the coinfecting satellite, and rather to correlate with the changing rate of viral RNA accumulation in tomato, which probably was responsible for the changes in pathogenic response. However, when CMV-D was helper virus, satellite accumulation decreased, while with CMV-1 it increased, respectively, while viral RNA accumulations were not seriously affected. Although these profound effects of temperature seem to link the necrotic response of tomato to the competitive replication dynamics of the infecting virus/satellite combination in the case of CMV-D/D-CARNA 5, temperature effects at other levels of disease induction probably play an important role as well.

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“…Kaper et al a healthy-looking plant, respectively [10]. Both extremes have been recorded for different CMV satellites in tomato [15,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of temperature on cucumber mosaic virus satellite-induced lethal tomato necrosis is helper virus strain dependent

Kaper

Geletka

et al. 1995

Archives of Virology

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“…Associated with many CMV strains are small, satellite RNAs here designated CMV-A__ssociated RNA 5 or CARNA 5. Its replication which is supported by CMV often modifies viral symptoms in the *Present address: USDA, APHIS, BBEP, Biotechnology Permits, Hyattsville, MD, U.S.A. J, L. White et al, host plant [7]. In tomatoes infection by a specific CARNA 5 and helper virus combination can cause lethal necrosis, while other combinations attenuate viral symptoms [12,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The replication of a necrogenic cucumber mosaic virus satellite is temperature-sensitive in tomato

White

Tousignant

Geletka

et al. 1995

Archives of Virology

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Lethal necrosis development in tomato plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain D containing the necrogenic satellite D-CARNA 5 and held at 32 degrees C is shown to be impaired. CARNA 5 accumulation in tomato at 32 degrees C is reduced about 100-fold compared to accumulation in plants held at 24 degrees C, while viral RNA accumulation is reduced about 5-fold. CMV-infected tomato held for 3 days at 24 degrees C prior to shift to 32 degrees C do not develop lethal necrosis. Longer incubations at 24 degrees C prior to shift to 32 degrees C allow necrosis to develop. CMV-infected plants held for up to 4 weeks at 32 degrees C required an additional 8-10 days at 24 degrees C to develop necrosis. Necrogenic CMV-infected plants held at 24 degrees C and analyzed 3 days p.i. contained detectable amounts of ss- and ds-CARNA 5; upon shift to 32 degrees C, such CARNA 5 declined to undetectable levels and lethal necrosis did not occur. There appear to be temperature-sensitive factors that are required for efficient satellite replication which are not required for efficient viral RNA replication. Whether these factor(s) are of host or satellite origin is uncertain.

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“…This RNA is not required for replication of CMV but is depended upon CMV for its replication and encapsidation4, 11,20,24). Moreover, these satellite RNA have little sequence homology with the genomic RNAs2, 5,14,21) The satellite RNAs often affect symptom expression of CMV in some host plants, and have been extensively studied6, 7,10,12,13,26). Kaper and Waterworth first pointed out that the presence of satellite RNA in preparations of CMV strain S (CMV-S) resulted in tomato necrosis12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two satellite RNAs found in cucumber mosaic virus strain Y.

Nakashima

Ehara

1989

Jpn. J. Phytopathol.

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Viral satellites: parasitic nucleic acids capable of modulating disease expression

Cited by 61 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of temperature on cucumber mosaic virus satellite-induced lethal tomato necrosis is helper virus strain dependent

Effect of temperature on cucumber mosaic virus satellite-induced lethal tomato necrosis is helper virus strain dependent

The replication of a necrogenic cucumber mosaic virus satellite is temperature-sensitive in tomato

Two satellite RNAs found in cucumber mosaic virus strain Y.

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