Viral pneumonia: a new look at an old problem (review)

Kharitonov, Mikhail A.; Салухов, В. В.; Kryukov, E. V.; Patsenko, M.B.; Rudakov, Yu. V.; Bogomolov, A. B.; Иванов, В. В.; Minakov, A. A.

doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2021-16-60-77

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Известен тот факт, что любая вирусная инфекция, включая коронавирусную, усиливает воспалительные изменения в дыхательной системе, что может приводить к развитию стойкой бронхиальной гиперреактивности и бронхообструктивному синдрому, особенно у скомпрометированных лиц, страдающих хронической бронхолегочной патологией. Под воздействием инфекционного воспалительного процесса может происходить необратимое ремоделирование бронхов, характеризующееся гиперплазией бокаловидных клеток, желез подслизистого слоя бронхов, гиперплазией и гипертрофией гладкой мускулатуры стенок бронхов, накоплением коллагена в зонах, расположенных ниже базальной мембраны, и развитие субэпителиального фиброза [12]. Неконтролируемые персистирующие симптомы астмы возникают благодаря воспалению 2-го типа.…”

Section: научные обзорыunclassified

Some features of the coronavirus infection course in bronchial asthma patients

Kharitonov

Burkova

Салухов

et al. 2022

Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy

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The outbreak of a new coronavirus infection was officially recognized by the World Health Organization as a global pandemic since March 11, 2020. The pandemic is currently gradually receding, the number of patients is also steadily decreasing. However, these circumstances are not grounds to believe that the virus has been definitively and irrevocably defeated. For this reason, the world medical community is still concerned about the coronavirus impact on the course and outcome of various chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. Bronchial asthma has been recognized as one of the leading forms of human somatic pathology throughout the history of mankind and medicine. It is quite natural that the focus of the researchers' attention turned out to be questions about the SARS-CoV-2 virus impact on patients suffering from bronchial asthma, starting with the peculiarities of the course of combined pathology and ending with the peculiarities of therapy and subsequent rehabilitation. The issues of coronavirus infection and bronchial asthma pathogenesis were considered. The research data on some features of the development and course of a new coronavirus infection in patients with this profile were analyzed and summarized. The low coronavirus infection prevalence among patients with an allergic bronchial asthma form compared with other phenotypes is shown among such features, data on the effect of eosinophilia on the course of infection are presented, and the basic therapys positive effect using inhaled glucocorticosteroids and/or monoclonal antibodies (biological therapy) in severe asthma, is shown in the form of a protective effect that provides a lighter coronavirus infection course. The main features of patient management suffering from bronchial asthma in the conditions of a pandemic are the organization of stable medical control in online telemedicine once monthly, regular examinations in accordance with the severity of the course of the disease and the correction of basic therapy to achieve complete control over the course of asthma.

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Section: научные обзорыunclassified

Some features of the coronavirus infection course in bronchial asthma patients

Kharitonov

Burkova

Салухов

et al. 2022

Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy

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“…систематический обзор исследований этиологической структуры возбудителей внебольничной пневмонии, выполненных в период с 1945 по 2020 г., показал, что наиболее частыми бактериальными возбудителями вп были Streptococcus pneumoniae (33-50 % всех случаев) и Haemophilus influenzae (7-16 %). Staphylococcus aureus и представители семейства Enterobacteriaceae, включая род Klebsiella, участвовали в этиологии вп примерно с одинаковой частотой (4-10 %) [10]. в то же время анализ современных публикаций по изучению вторичных осложнений бактериального происхождения при коронавирусной пневмонии выявил более разнообразный микробный пейзаж [11].…”

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Comparative Analysis of the Pathogen Structure in Patients with Community-Acquired and Nosocomial Pneumonia in Medical Organizations of the Rostov, Tyumen Regions and Khabarovsk Territory at the Current Stage of a New Coronavirus Infection Pandemic

Pavlovich,

Chemisova,

Aronova

et al. 2023

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the spectrum and antibiotic resistance of secondary pneumonia pathogens isolated in the territories of the Rostov, Tyumen Regions and Khabarovsk Territory against the background of a new coronavirus infection pandemic.Materials and methods. We investigated sputum samples from coronavirus-positive and coronavirus-negative patients with community-acquired pneumonia from medical organizations using bacteriological method, PCR mass spectrometry.Results and discussion. The study of the etiological structure of secondary pneumonia agents isolated from patients in medical organizations of the Southern, Ural and Far Eastern Federal Districts has revealed that the dominant cultures in SARS‑CoV‑2 “+” and SARS‑CoV‑2 “–” patients were yeast and yeast-like fungi. It has been found that under diversity of isolated fungi, Candida albicans species prevailed. The bacterial microflora is represented by a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, of which Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniaе were most often present in sputum. It has also been established that even before hospitalization of patients, community-acquired pneumonia could be caused by microorganisms of the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniaе, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.), which are usually considered as polyantibiotic-resistant pathogens of nosocomial infections. Moreover, in coronavirus-positive patients with secondary community-acquired pneumonia, those pathogens were isolated 2–3 times more frequently than in coronavirus-negative ones. Assessment of sensitivity/resistance of isolated strains to antibacterial drugs has revealed a general trend: the majority of the strains, regardless of the type, were characterized by a narrow spectrum of sensitivity, having 3 or more markers of antibiotic resistance. This confirms the necessity and expediency of microbiological support of the patient during the entire infectious process. The most adequate drugs of choice, providing activity against 60–70 % of strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are amikacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam.

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Сarbohydrate metabolism disorders and their outcomes in the long-term period in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a predisposing factor for the development of many infectious complications. Numerous studies have demonstrated the association of hyperglycemia in patients having DM with a high risk of a more unfavorable course of COVID-19. However, hyperglycemia is often detected in patients with a COVID-19 not having anamnesis of DM. The following remains unclear: the etiological factors causing such disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, the persistence of these disorders and the characteristics of the course, as well as their comparative effect on the outcomes of COVID-19 and the further prognosis of patients.AIM: To study the prevalence and nature of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with moderate to severe course of COVID-19, as well as 6 months after it.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 of moderate and severe course of the disease were examined. There were no medical interventions outside recommendations of patient management. The observation was carried out during two time periods: inpatient treatment of a COVID-19 and 6 months after discharge. The following were evaluated: anamnesis data, the level of fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, the results of computed tomography of the lungs, the drug therapy taken in all patients. Descriptive statistics methods were used to evaluate the parameters.RESULTS: The study included 280 patients with a median age of 61.5±14,2 years. During the disease, a violation of carbohydrate metabolism was detected in 188 people (67%), the remaining patients (33%) made up the normoglycemia group. Patients with hyperglycemia were stratified in a following way: a group with an established diagnosis of DM before COVID -19 included — 56 people (20%), a group with steroid-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) — 95 people (34%), a group of stress- induced hyperglycaemia — 20 people (7%), with undiagnosed diabetes — 17 people (6%). In the postcovid period (after 6 months), the normal level of glycemia in the same sample group was observed in 199 people (71.4%); 8 people (3%) were diagnosed with new cases of DM. The mortality rate was 10 people (3.6%) in the group of SIH (8 people) and undiagnosed DM (2 people).CONCLUSION: The use of glucocorticoids in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 leads to high incidence of SIH, which has reversible character. About 6% among hospitalized patients with a COVID-19 had undiagnosed DM and were not receiving antihyperglycemic therapy. The highest mortality was noted in the group of SIH, which allows us to conclude that SIH worsens the prognosis of patients to the greatest extent. Patients with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia, regardless of the level of hyperglycemia, are characterized by a more unfavorable course.

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Viral pneumonia: a new look at an old problem (review)

Cited by 10 publications

References 83 publications

Some features of the coronavirus infection course in bronchial asthma patients

Some features of the coronavirus infection course in bronchial asthma patients

Comparative Analysis of the Pathogen Structure in Patients with Community-Acquired and Nosocomial Pneumonia in Medical Organizations of the Rostov, Tyumen Regions and Khabarovsk Territory at the Current Stage of a New Coronavirus Infection Pandemic

Сarbohydrate metabolism disorders and their outcomes in the long-term period in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

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