Viral Pathogens of Domestic Animals and Their Impact on Biology, Medicine and Agriculture

Donachie, W.; Palmarini, Massimo

doi:10.1016/b978-012373944-5.00368-0

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In regions where ASF is absent, mortality rates often reach 100% ( 27 ), making it a highly dreaded disease. ASF cases can also be predominantly subclinical especially in endemic areas ( 41 ). Although early detection and laboratory diagnosis are essential for the control and management of the disease, resemblance with other hemorrhagic diseases of pigs including porcine reproductive and respiratory disease, erysipelas, and salmonellosis need to be considered ( 42 , 43 ).…”

Section: Description Of Review Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Mutua

Dione²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal disease of pigs. It is a threat to the pig industry as it lowers production and significantly impacts on livelihoods. ASF has no cure and a vaccine against it is yet to be developed. Outbreaks continue to be reported in Africa and Asia, where the setting of the pig value chain (farm, market, and slaughter practices) coupled with the risky behaviors of actors, contribute to persistence of the virus in pig populations. The role of these factors in the epidemiology of the disease is reviewed with a focus on smallholder pig systems in Africa. Biosecurity at the farm level is particularly emphasized, and factors influencing its adoption highlighted. Socio-cultural factors and weaknesses at the disease control policy level are critical and should not be ignored. Gender and equity are important aspects and ought to be considered in discussions to improve the sector. The findings are expected to define priorities for interventions to improve pig productivity (as these regions wait for the vaccine to be developed).

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Section: Description Of Review Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Mutua

Dione²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Among the species, 219 viral species are recognized as human pathogens [ 87 , 88 ], and several species also affect animals [ 89 , 90 ]. Viral infections represent a major public health problem and humanity has faced several lethal viral pandemics, such as Spanish flu and COVID-19, causing the death of millions of people worldwide [ 91 ].…”

Section: Rmps Applied In Disease Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant multiepitope proteins expressed in Escherichia coli cells and their potential for immunodiagnosis

Gonçalves,

Ribeiro,

Resende

et al. 2024

Microb Cell Fact

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Recombinant multiepitope proteins (RMPs) are a promising alternative for application in diagnostic tests and, given their wide application in the most diverse diseases, this review article aims to survey the use of these antigens for diagnosis, as well as discuss the main points surrounding these antigens. RMPs usually consisting of linear, immunodominant, and phylogenetically conserved epitopes, has been applied in the experimental diagnosis of various human and animal diseases, such as leishmaniasis, brucellosis, cysticercosis, Chagas disease, hepatitis, leptospirosis, leprosy, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue, and COVID-19. The synthetic genes for these epitopes are joined to code a single RMP, either with spacers or fused, with different biochemical properties. The epitopes’ high density within the RMPs contributes to a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The RMPs can also sidestep the need for multiple peptide synthesis or multiple recombinant proteins, reducing costs and enhancing the standardization conditions for immunoassays. Methods such as bioinformatics and circular dichroism have been widely applied in the development of new RMPs, helping to guide their construction and better understand their structure. Several RMPs have been expressed, mainly using the Escherichia coli expression system, highlighting the importance of these cells in the biotechnological field. In fact, technological advances in this area, offering a wide range of different strains to be used, make these cells the most widely used expression platform. RMPs have been experimentally used to diagnose a broad range of illnesses in the laboratory, suggesting they could also be useful for accurate diagnoses commercially. On this point, the RMP method offers a tempting substitute for the production of promising antigens used to assemble commercial diagnostic kits.

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“…Zoonotic diseases caused by animal viruses are deadly and contagious which gets transmitted to humans through cross-host switching events (Parrish et al 2008 ). In case the animal viruses are left uncontrolled at initial stage, these viruses could gradually evolve and infect humans in vast numbers (Murcia et al 2009 ). In most cases, before identifying the etiologic cause of the viral disease, it gets transmitted to other species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology-based therapeutic formulations in the battle against animal coronaviruses: an update

et al. 2021

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Outbreak of infectious diseases imposes a serious threat to human population and also causes a catastrophic impact on global economy. Animal coronaviruses remain as one of the intriguing problems, known to cause deadly viral diseases on economically important animal population, and also these infections may spread to other animals and humans. Through isolation of the infected animals from others and providing appropriate treatment using antiviral drugs, it is possible to prevent the virus transmission from animals to other species. In recent times, antiviral drug-resistant strains are being emerged as a deadly virus which are known to cause pandemic. To overcome this, nanoparticles-based formulations are developed as antiviral agent which attacks the animal coronaviruses at multiple sites in the virus replication cycle. Nanovaccines are also being formulated to protect the animals from coronaviruses. Nanoformulations contain particles of one or more dimensions in nano-scale (few nanometers to 1000 nm), which could be inorganic or organic in nature. This review presents the comprehensive outline of the nanotechnology-based therapeutics formulated against animal coronaviruses, which includes the nanoparticles-based antiviral formulations and nanoparticles-based adjuvant vaccines. The mechanism of action of these nanoparticles-based antivirals against animal coronavirus is also discussed using relevant examples. In addition, the scope of repurposing the existing nano-enabled antivirals and vaccines to combat the coronavirus infections in animals is elaborated.

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Viral Pathogens of Domestic Animals and Their Impact on Biology, Medicine and Agriculture

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Recombinant multiepitope proteins expressed in Escherichia coli cells and their potential for immunodiagnosis

Nanotechnology-based therapeutic formulations in the battle against animal coronaviruses: an update

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