Viral nucleic acid synthesis and antigen accumulation in pancreas and kidney of Pekin ducks infected with duck hepatitis B virus.

Halpern, Melissa D.; England, James M.; Deery, David T.; Petcu, David J.; Mason, William S.; Molnar-Kimber, Katherine L.

doi:10.1073/pnas.80.15.4865

Cited by 100 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…DNA. This is in accordance with the recent finding, in Pekin ducks, of pancreatic and kidney infection by the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), an HBV-like virus (Halpern et al, 1983).…”

Section: D) T H Esupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Although one cannot exclude contamination by the surrounding hepatocytes, this suggests that viral multiplication could occur in pancreatic cells. This would be in accordance with the demonstration of HBcAg in the pancreas of some HBV carriers (Shimoda et al, 1981) and of DHBV multiplication in the pancreas of viraemic ducks (Halpern et al, 1983). By contrast, we did not detect either viral multiplication or HBsAg and HBcAg in the kidney despite the presence of HBV DNA sequences.…”

Section: D) T H Esupporting

confidence: 73%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Pancreas, Kidney and Skin of Two Human Carriers of the Virus

Dejean¹,

Lugassy²,

Zafrani³

et al. 1984

Journal of General Virology

179

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SUMMARYUsing the Southern blot technique, we have analysed the presence and state of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in non-hepatic tissue from two human HBV carriers. HBV DNA sequences were detected in the pancreas, kidney and skin, demonstrating HBV infection of these organs. Moreover, the restriction DNA patterns were consistent with the integration of these viral sequences into high molecular weight DNA. These results demonstrate that HBV infection is not restricted to the liver.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects only humans and chimpanzees and is considered to be strictly hepatotropic. In the liver of chronic HBV carriers with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), integrated HBV DNA sequences have been observed (Br6chot et al., 1981 a;Shafritz et al., 1981; Chert et al., 1982). The restriction enzyme patterns obtained from cellular DNA showed the presence of delineated HBV-specific bands. HBV DNA is therefore a new marker in the study of the relationship between the viral infection and chronic liver diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in pancreatic secretions during pancreatic stimulation (Hoefs et al., 1980) and both the HBsAg and the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in the cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells (Shimoda et al., 1981). It was therefore of interest to investigate the possibility of HBV infection in non-hepatic tissues. For this purpose we have used the Southern blot technique (Southern, 1975;Wahl et al., 1979) with cloned viral DNA (Charnay et al., 1979) as a probe to detect HBV sequences in the DNA of various organs.Tissue samples were obtained at autopsy from two patients. Patient A was an 80 year old woman who died of cirrhosis with HCC. HBsAg, antibodies against the core antigen (anti-HBc) and the e antigen (anti-HBe) were present in her serum. The hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) was not detected. Histological examination showed a normal pancreas and kidney without metastasis; of the liver only tumorous tissue was available. Patient B was a 67 year old man who died 5 months after the onset of a severe protracted acute hepatitis with massive renal failure due to glomerulonephritis. The acute hepatitis had occurred 2 months after blood transfusion during total pancreatectomy for a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc were present in the serum. A small pancreatic metastasis in the liver was carefully separated from the non-tumorous liver (as checked by histological examination). The kidney histology showed a membranous glomerulonephritis. HBsAg and HBcAg were detected in the tissues by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique using a murine monoclonal anti-HBs and human anti-HBc antibodies (Sternberger, 1979). Cellular DNAs extracted from various organs of the two patients were digested with either EcoRI, which cleaved most HBV genomes once, or HmdIII, which does not cut any of the HBV genomes so far analysed (Wain-Hobson et al., 1982). For patient A (HBsAg-positive, HBeAgnegative in the serum) the EcoRI fragment hybridiz...

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“…DNA. This is in accordance with the recent finding, in Pekin ducks, of pancreatic and kidney infection by the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), an HBV-like virus (Halpern et al, 1983).…”

Section: D) T H Esupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: D) T H Esupporting

confidence: 73%

Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Pancreas, Kidney and Skin of Two Human Carriers of the Virus

Dejean¹,

Lugassy²,

Zafrani³

et al. 1984

Journal of General Virology

179

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“…Evidence was also obtained for infection in the kidney tubular epithelium of some of the ducks ( Fig. 7; Table 3), probably reflecting virus replication in these cells (19).…”

Section: Analysis Of Infectivity In Ducklingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Identification and Characterization of Avihepadnaviruses Isolated from Exotic Anseriformes Maintained in Captivity

Guo

Mason

Aldrich

et al. 2005

J Virol

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Five new hepadnaviruses were cloned from exotic ducks and geese, including the Chiloe wigeon, mandarin duck, puna teal, Orinoco sheldgoose, and ashy-headed sheldgoose. Sequence comparisons revealed that all but the mandarin duck viruses were closely related to existing isolates of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), while mandarin duck virus clones were closely related to Ross goose hepatitis B virus. Nonetheless, the S protein, core protein, and functional domains of the Pol protein were highly conserved in all of the new isolates. The Chiloe wigeon and puna teal hepatitis B viruses, the two new isolates most closely related to DHBV, also lacked an AUG start codon at the beginning of their X open reading frame (ORF). But as previously reported for the heron, Ross goose, and stork hepatitis B viruses, an AUG codon was found near the beginning of the X ORF of the mandarin duck, Orinoco, and ashy-headed sheldgoose viruses. In all of the new isolates, the X ORF ended with a stop codon at the same position. All of the cloned viruses replicated when transfected into the LMH line of chicken hepatoma cells. Significant differences between the new isolates and between these and previously reported isolates were detected in the pre-S domain of the viral envelope protein, which is believed to determine viral host range. Despite this, all of the new isolates were infectious for primary cultures of Pekin duck hepatocytes, and infectivity in young Pekin ducks was demonstrated for all but the ashy-headed sheldgoose isolate.Hepadnaviruses are small, enveloped DNA viruses that replicate via reverse transcription of an RNA pregenome. The family Hepadnaviridae is divided into two genera, Orthohepadnavirus and Avihepadnavirus, each with restricted host specificity. Ortho (mammalian) hepadnaviruses have been found in humans (hepatitis B virus [HBV]) and great apes, woolly monkeys (woolly monkey HBV), woodchucks (woodchuck hepatitis virus), ground squirrels (ground squirrel hepatitis virus), arctic squirrels (arctic squirrel hepatitis virus), and Richardson ground squirrels (Richardson ground squirrel hepatitis virus). The avian hepadnaviruses include duck HBV (DHBV) (40,43,58,66), heron HBV (HHBV) (52), Ross goose HBV (RGHBV; GenBank accession no. M95589), snow goose HBV (SGHBV) (11), stork HBV (STHBV) (50), and crane HBV (CHBV) (48).Sequence similarities between the ortho-and avihepadnaviruses are minimal except in highly conserved functional domains, though the overall genome organization is similar. Proteins encoded by both groups include the nucleocapsid (core) and envelope polypeptides (L and S), the nonstructural HBeAg (a secretory protein of unknown function), and the polymerase/reverse transcriptase protein (Pol protein). Orthohepadnaviruses also encode a third envelope protein, M, and a regulatory protein, termed X, that is required for efficient replication in vivo (13,65,67). Studies with liver cell lines suggest that X stimulates signal transduction, regulates several transcription factors, and has a role in virus replicatio...

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“…Hepatocytes are the only confirmed site of replication for all members of this virus family. Bile ductule epithelial cells may also be a target of infection, as may a subset of cells in the pancreas, kidneys, and lymphoid system (16,74,77,98,111,122,151,160,170,187,243). However, the evidence for replication of the orthohepadnaviruses in bile ductules and at extrahepatic sites is in some cases controversial or incomplete, and these sites are not usually considered in discussions of viral reproduction and pathogenesis.…”

Section: The Liver As a Target For Hepadnavirus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Virus Biology

Seeger

Mason

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,293

1,167

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SUMMARY Hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B viruses) cause transient and chronic infections of the liver. Transient infections run a course of several months, and chronic infections are often lifelong. Chronic infections can lead to liver failure with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The replication strategy of these viruses has been described in great detail, but virus-host interactions leading to acute and chronic disease are still poorly understood. Studies on how the virus evades the immune response to cause prolonged transient infections with high-titer viremia and lifelong infections with an ongoing inflammation of the liver are still at an early stage, and the role of the virus in liver cancer is still elusive. The state of knowledge in this very active field is therefore reviewed with an emphasis on past accomplishments as well as goals for the future.

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Viral nucleic acid synthesis and antigen accumulation in pancreas and kidney of Pekin ducks infected with duck hepatitis B virus.

Cited by 100 publications

References 16 publications

Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Pancreas, Kidney and Skin of Two Human Carriers of the Virus

Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Pancreas, Kidney and Skin of Two Human Carriers of the Virus

Identification and Characterization of Avihepadnaviruses Isolated from Exotic Anseriformes Maintained in Captivity

Hepatitis B Virus Biology

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