Viral load of various tissues of rainbow trout challenged with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus at various stages of disease

Oidtmann, Birgit; Joiner, C.; Stone, David M.; Dodge, M. J.; Reese, R. Allan; Dixon, Peter

doi:10.3354/dao02298

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The ability of VHSV to infect the gills has also been correlated to virulence [47]. A study testing the viral load of VHSV in various tissues of rainbow trout at various stages during the course of infection showed that fish surviving a VHSV infection had the highest amount of virus in gill and brain tissue [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Marine Fish along the Norwegian Coastal Line

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infects a wide range of marine fish species. To study the occurrence of VHSV in wild marine fish populations in Norwegian coastal waters and fjord systems a total of 1927 fish from 39 different species were sampled through 5 research cruises conducted in 2009 to 2011. In total, VHSV was detected by rRT-PCR in twelve samples originating from Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and silvery pout (Gadiculus argenteus). All fish tested positive in gills while four herring and one silvery pout also tested positive in internal organs. Successful virus isolation in cell culture was only obtained from one pooled Atlantic herring sample which shows that today's PCR methodology have a much higher sensitivity than cell culture for detection of VHSV. Sequencing revealed that the positive samples belonged to VHSV genotype Ib and phylogenetic analysis shows that the isolate from Atlantic herring and silvery pout are closely related. All positive fish were sampled in the same area in the northern county of Finnmark. This is the first detection of VHSV in Atlantic herring this far north, and to our knowledge the first detection of VHSV in silvery pout. However, low prevalence of VHSV genotype Ib in Atlantic herring and other wild marine fish are well known in other parts of Europe. Earlier there have been a few reports of disease outbreaks in farmed rainbow trout with VHSV of genotype Ib, and our results show that there is a possibility of transfer of VHSV from wild to farmed fish along the Norwegian coast line. The impact of VHSV on wild fish is not well documented.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Marine Fish along the Norwegian Coastal Line

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, a screening survey of VHSV in wild marine fish along the Norwegian coastal line also reported that some wild haddock and whiting were tested positive for VHSV in gills only (Sandlund et al, ). Several studies reported that the tissue tropism transitioned from an acute systemic phase to a chronic phase over the course of a VHS outbreak, and viral persistence is associated with CNS tissue during a chronic phase of infection while virus was mostly cleared from the other tissues (Lovy et al, ; Oidtmann et al, ). Here, VHSV signal was only obtained from gill but not brain and other tissues; thus, we speculated that these VHSV‐positive largemouth bass might be asymptomatic carriers of the virus in an early acute systemic phase, not in a chronic phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolate from wild largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in China

Zhang

Xiang

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fish rhabdoviruses are a family of viruses responsible for large‐scale fish die‐offs worldwide. Here, we reported the isolation and identification of a member of rhabdoviruses from wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in the coastal area of the Pearl River Estuary, China. This virus isolate was identified as viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) by specific RT‐PCR. Furthermore, the virus (VHSVLB2018) was isolated by cell culture using fathead minnow cells and confirmed by RT‐PCR. Electron microscopy showed the presence of bullet‐shaped viral particles in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The complete sequencing of VHSVLB2018 confirmed that it was genome configuration typical of rhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole‐genome sequences and G gene nucleotides sequences revealed that VHSVLB2018 was assigned to VHSV genogroup Ⅳa. The pathogenicity of VHSVLB2018 was determined in infection experiments using specific pathogen‐free largemouth bass juveniles. VHSVLB2018‐infected fish showed typical clinical signs of VHSV disease, including darkened skin, petechial haemorrhages and pale enlarged livers, with the cumulative mortalities reached 63.3%–93.3% by 7 days post‐infection. VHSVLB2018 was re‐isolated from dead fish and confirmed by RT‐PCR. Together, this is the first report of isolation and identification of a VHSV isolate from wild largemouth bass in China.

show abstract

“…No data are provided for brain or gills. In a recent study (Oidtmann et al., accepted for publication), we report mean TCID 50 and copy numbers per g of tissue in muscle or gill/brain tissue determined by real‐time RT‐PCR from market‐size rainbow trout between 10 7.0 and 10 9.1 before onset of clinical signs and between 10 4.3 and 10 7.9 in clinically healthy fish still alive after 6 weeks after challenge with VHSV. These viral loads demonstrate that even fish without clinical signs of disease may carry substantial amounts of virus and are expected to have led to transmission under the conditions applied in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Market‐size rainbow trout were exposed to VHSV at concentrations of 5.7 × 10 5 TCID 50 and 5 × 10 4 TCID 50 ml −1 respectively for 4 h while water flow through the tanks was suspended. Rearing conditions were as described in Oidtmann et al. (accepted for publication).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Associated with Commodity Trade: Transmission of Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) to Rainbow Trout Fry from VHSV-Carrying Tissue-Homogenates

Oidtmann¹,

Joiner²,

Reese³

et al. 2011

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Movements of commodity fish present a potential risk of transferring pathogens. Within a study to estimate the risk from imported rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss carcases, fry were exposed to tissue homogenates from market size rainbow trout infected experimentally with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) by waterborne exposure to VHS virus (VHSV, isolate of genotype Ia). Tissues were collected from fish that showed clinical signs and from recent mortalities. Homogenates of (i) internal organs, (ii) brain/gills and (iii) muscle tissue were prepared and added to tanks holding the fry. Virus transmission occurred from all tissues tested, causing high mortality of the fry. The results underline the potential risk of introduction of VHSV through the trade of fish products.

show abstract

Viral load of various tissues of rainbow trout challenged with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus at various stages of disease

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Screening for Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Marine Fish along the Norwegian Coastal Line

Screening for Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in Marine Fish along the Norwegian Coastal Line

Isolation and identification of a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolate from wild largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in China

Risks Associated with Commodity Trade: Transmission of Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) to Rainbow Trout Fry from VHSV-Carrying Tissue-Homogenates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About