Viral load non-suppression status among women exposed to Dolutegravir-based versus Efavirenz-based regimens in Ethiopia: A before-and-after study

Abstract

Background High viral load during pregnancy and breastfeeding period is the risk factor for vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Currently, Dolutegravir (DTG)-based regimens are recommended to attain adequate viral load suppression (VLS) among women. However, its effect on VLS has not been investigated among women in PMTCT care in Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to investigate the rate of viral load non-suppression among women exposed to DTG-based versus Efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens in Ethiopia. Methods An uncontrolled before-and-after study design was conducted among 924 women (462 on EFV-based and 462 on DTG-based regimens) enrolled in PMTCT care from September 2015 to February 2023. The outcome variable was the viral load (VL) non-suppression among women on PMTCT care. A modified Poisson regression model was employed, and the proportion was computed to compare the rate of VL non-suppression in both groups. The risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess viral load non-suppression among women on DTG-based and EFV-based regimens by adjusting for other variables. Results The overall rate of non-suppressed VL was 16.2% (95% CI: 14.0–18.8%). Mothers on DTG-based regimens had approximately a 30% (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52–0.94) lesser risk of developing non-suppressed VL than women on EFV-based regimens. Besides, older women were 1.38 times (aRR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04–1.83); mothers who did not disclose their HIV status to their partners were 2.54 times (aRR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.91–3.38); and mothers who had poor or fair adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs were 2.11 times (aRR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.45–3.07) at higher risk of non-suppressed VL. Conclusion Women on DTG-based regimens had a significantly suppressed VL compared to those on EFV-based regimens. Thus, administering DTG-based first-line ART regimens should be strengthened to achieve global and national targets on VLS.