Viral infections in relation to age, atopy, and season of admission among children hospitalized for wheezing

Heymann, Peter W.; Carper, Holliday T.; Murphy, Deborah D.; Platts-Mills, Thomas A.E.; Patrie, James T.; McLaughlin, Anne; Erwin, Elizabeth A.; Shaker, Marcus; Hellems, Martha A.; Peerzada, Jehanna; Hayden, Frederick G.; Hatley, Tina; Chamberlain, Rachel

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.04.006

Cited by 367 publications

(391 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Children born in the summer and those with fall mold collection dates, an overlapping group in our study, were at an increased risk of wheeze in unadjusted logistic regression models. These observations could represent exposure to relatively high indoor fungal levels at a young age or exposure to respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus at an age when small airway size can be a factor in the development of wheeze during viral infection (Heymann et al, 2004;Sears and Johnston, 2007). Nonetheless, ''high levels'' of Penicillium remained a significant predictor of wheeze even after accounting for the effects of season of mold collection, the age of the baby at the sample collection date and day care attendance, a surrogate measure of respiratory infection during infancy and early childhood (Ball et al, 2000;Stark et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor airborne fungi and wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of infants at risk for asthma

Rosenbaum

Crawford

Anagnost

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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In studies worldwide, respiratory outcomes such as cough, wheeze and asthma have been consistently linked to mold exposure. Young children spend most of their time indoors and may be particularly vulnerable. We evaluated the associations between exposure to airborne fungal levels and episodes of wheezing in a cohort of 103 infants at risk for asthma (due to maternal history of asthma), living primarily in low-income urban settings. Using a new protocol that facilitates identification of rare and slow-growing fungi, we measured the type and concentration of cultured fungi in home air samples taken early in the infant's first year of life. We also inspected the homes for visible mold, water damage and other housing and environmental conditions. All homes had measurable indoor airborne fungi and 73%, had some sign of mold, water damage, dampness or a musty odor. One or more episodes of wheeze during the first year of life were observed in 38% of infants. Multiple logistic regression showed high indoor levels of Penicillium were a significant risk factor for wheeze (OR 6.18; 95% CI: 1.34-28.46) in the first year of life after controlling for season of sampling, smoking, endotoxin levels, day care attendance and confounders. Acrodontium, a rarely reported fungal genus, was detected in 18% of study homes, and was associated with wheeze in unadjusted models (OR 2.75; 95% CI 0.99-7.61), but not after adjustment for confounders. Total fungal levels, visually observed mold, dampness, water damage or musty odors were not significantly associated with wheeze.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor airborne fungi and wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of infants at risk for asthma

Rosenbaum

Crawford

Anagnost

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The diagnosis of asthma and reactive airways disease reported by parents and recorded by WITS medical personnel in the first 1-2 years life of the study subjects suggested an overuse of the diagnosis of asthma as applied to wheezing infants with respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus present with asthma-like symptoms (data not shown). 17,[34][35][36] Many of these young infants infected with respiratory viruses, particularly those with underlying allergies, indeed go on to have persistent asthma, but a majority have their symptoms remit in a few years. The WITS program did not provide a long-term evaluation of the persistence of asthma symptoms with measurement of pulmonary function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased incidence of asthma in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in the National Institutes of Health Women and Infants Transmission Study

Foster

McIntosh

Thompson

et al. 2008

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…In particular, rhinovirus has been widely implicated in asthma exacerbations and wheezing-related hospitalizations (13,16,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Although asthma is not infectious, these aggravating viruses are infectious.…”

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confidence: 99%

Respiratory virus transmission dynamics determine timing of asthma exacerbation peaks: Evidence from a population-level model

Eggo

Scott

Galvani

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Asthma exacerbations exhibit a consistent annual pattern, closely mirroring the school calendar. Although respiratory viruses-the "common cold" viruses-are implicated as a principal cause, there is little evidence to link viral prevalence to seasonal differences in risk. We jointly fit a common cold transmission model and a model of biological and environmental exacerbation triggers to estimate effects on hospitalization risk. Asthma hospitalization rate, influenza prevalence, and air quality measures are available, but common cold circulation is not; therefore, we generate estimates of viral prevalence using a transmission model. Our deterministic multivirus transmission model includes transmission rates that vary when school is closed. We jointly fit the two models to 7 y of daily asthma hospitalizations in adults and children (66,000 events) in eight metropolitan areas. For children, we find that daily viral prevalence is the strongest predictor of asthma hospitalizations, with transmission reduced by 45% (95% credible interval =41-49%) during school closures. We detect a transient period of nonspecific immunity between infections lasting 19 (17-21) d. For adults, hospitalizations are more variable, with influenza driving wintertime peaks. Neither particulate matter nor ozone was an important predictor, perhaps because of the large geographic area of the populations. The school calendar clearly and predictably drives seasonal variation in common cold prevalence, which results in the "back-to-school" asthma exacerbation pattern seen in children and indirectly contributes to exacerbation risk in adults. This study provides a framework for anticipating the seasonal dynamics of common colds and the associated risks for asthmatics.

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Viral infections in relation to age, atopy, and season of admission among children hospitalized for wheezing

Cited by 367 publications

References 38 publications

Indoor airborne fungi and wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of infants at risk for asthma

Indoor airborne fungi and wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of infants at risk for asthma

Increased incidence of asthma in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in the National Institutes of Health Women and Infants Transmission Study

Respiratory virus transmission dynamics determine timing of asthma exacerbation peaks: Evidence from a population-level model

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