Viral Infections in Burn Patients: A State-Of-The-Art Review

Baj, Jacek; Korona-Głowniak, Izabela; Buszewicz, Grzegorz; Forma, Alicja; Sitarz, Monika; Teresiński, Grzegorz

doi:10.3390/v12111315

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…By providing both viral replication and crust formation, it causes transmission through these crusts. 10 Upregulation of VEGF at the burn site may be another reason why lesions are more extensive and severe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orf Infection with Multiple Lesions in the Burn Area

Arslan¹,

ALTUNIŞIK²,

Türkmen³

et al. 2022

Turkiye Klinikleri J Dermatol

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Orf, a viral zoonotic disease, is caused by the orf virus, an epitheliotropic DNA virus from the parapoxvirus group. 1 It is caused by direct or indirect contact of decontaminated skin with infected animals. The incubation period is 3-15 days, and it usually progresses with one or more nodular lesions that appear on the dorsal surface of the fingers. The disease usually heals spontaneously after a course of 4-8 weeks. [2][3][4][5] Here, we present two pediatric patients with orf, unlike the classical localization, occurred in the burn area and progressed with multiple lesions. CASE REPORTS CASE 1A two-year-old male patient had a second degree burn due to hot water on the right side of his scalp, face and neck 10 days ago. In his dermatological examination, numerous red papules, plaques and vegetative masses were found on an erythematous and intensely edematous surface in the area extending from the right frontal region of the scalp to the occipital region (Figure 1A). Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and skin punch biopsy were taken from the lesions of the patient whose family was engaged in ovine breeding. Since eczema herpeticum was in the differential diagnosis and some of the lesions had a secondary infected appearance, acyclovir and ampcillin sulbactam treatments were started. As the HSV and VZV PCR results were negative, acyclovir treatment was discontinued, but ampicillin sulbactam treatment was continued for one week. Histopathological examination of the case re-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orf Infection with Multiple Lesions in the Burn Area

Arslan¹,

ALTUNIŞIK²,

Türkmen³

et al. 2022

Turkiye Klinikleri J Dermatol

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“…The latter phase is vulnerable to microbial infection, and the "genomic storm" lowers the adaptive immune response and consequently causes a decrease in the number of T-cells and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, as well as a prolonged reduction in cytotoxicity of NK cells [1]. Ultimately, by impairing an individual's response to microorganisms, this process makes individuals vulnerable to latent viral reactivation, primary infections, and pathogenic reinfections [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the reason for this has not been clearly discovered, it can be assumed that a large population has developed immunity to varicella-herpes virus, since vaccination for varicella-herpes virus has been widely performed since the early 2000s [1]. However, once it occurs, it can lead to fatal results [6]. Yoshitaka et al reported the case of a 51-year-old patient with extensive flame burns covering 60% of the total body surface who died of multiple organ failure due to herpes zoster generalisatus [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial infections, such as impetigo, have been most commonly reported, and fungal infections have also been dealt with in many cases. Viral infections are relatively infrequent, but these cases have increased in recent years [3][4][5][6][7]. In particular, herpes virus infection, including varicella-zoster virus, is the most commonly reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herpes Zoster Manifestation in the Treatment of a Facial Scald Burn: A Case Report

et al. 2022

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Infections are a major complication in burn patients. In particular, in immunocompromised patients, burn wounds are prone to infections due to destroyed cutaneous barriers and a weakened immune response. It is critical for physicians to monitor infections during burn treatment, since infections can disturb the healing process. It can be challenging to identify the causative microorganism and implement proper treatment for infected burn wounds. Bacterial infections such as impetigo are the most commonly reported, followed by fungal and viral infections. Human herpes virus is one of the most frequent viral infections that complicate burn patients' recovery. Cases of varicella-zoster virus (HHV-3) infection among pediatric burn patients or reactivation in major burn patients in intensive care units have been reported in the literature. Herein, we present a case where HHV-3 reactivation was promptly detected during the treatment of a facial scald burn.

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“…There is an increased incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms with longer hospital stays [3], which may include meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii [1,3]. Moreover, as a result of the impaired immune responses in burn patients, viruses, for example herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus, may also invade burn wounds, contributing to infection [4]. Infections in burn patients are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operating Room Fomites as Potential Sources for Microbial Transmission in Burns Theatres

Rela

Opel

Williams

et al. 2021

EBJ

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Background: Burn patients are susceptible to healthcare-associated infections. Contaminated surfaces play a role in microbial transmission. This study aimed to quantify the degree of contamination of burns theatre fomites during routine clinical use. Methods: The Patslide Patient Transfer Board (PAT slide) and operating table were investigated using two methods—bacterial swabs to culture viable organisms and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) swabs to measure biological material. Both items were sampled four times a day: before the first case, immediately after a case, immediately before the next case after cleaning and after the terminal clean. Results: Among 82 bacterial samples, four organisms were isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) x2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), all from the PAT slide. The E. cloacae persisted after cleaning. In 9/82 swabs, the ATP count was >10 relative light units (RLU). In all cases where an organism was identified, the ATP count was >10 RLU. Hence the sensitivity and specificity of ATP > 10 RLU in detecting an organism were 100% and 94% respectively. Conclusions: Within burns theatres, there are instances of bacterial contamination on surfaces that persist despite cleaning. ATP luminometers as a point-of-care device may have a role in determining the cleanliness of surfaces, potentially minimizing onwards-bacterial transmission.

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Viral Infections in Burn Patients: A State-Of-The-Art Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 140 publications

Orf Infection with Multiple Lesions in the Burn Area

Orf Infection with Multiple Lesions in the Burn Area

Herpes Zoster Manifestation in the Treatment of a Facial Scald Burn: A Case Report

Operating Room Fomites as Potential Sources for Microbial Transmission in Burns Theatres

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