Viral infections and colorectal cancer: A systematic review of epidemiological studies

Chen, Hongda; Chen, Xin Zu; Waterboer, Tim; Castro, Felipe A.; Brenner, Hermann

doi:10.1002/ijc.29180

Cited by 68 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…High-risk HPV DNA has been found in some unconventional HPV cancers, such as breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, and a causative role has been implied (210)(211)(212)(213). Although known to be associated with human cancers, the potential role of high-risk HPV in the carcinogenic steps of these cancers is controversial.…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papillomavirus Laboratory Testing: the Changing Paradigm

2016

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SUMMARYHigh-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause essentially all cervical cancers, most anal and oropharyngeal cancers, and some vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and the availability of newer tests are changing the approach to screening and diagnosis. Molecular tests to detect DNA from the most common high-risk HPVs are FDA approved for use in conjunction with cytology in cervical cancer screening programs. More-specific tests that detect RNA from high-risk HPV types are now also available. The use of molecular tests as the primary screening tests is being adopted in some areas. Genotyping to identify HPV16 and -18 has a recommended role in triaging patients for colposcopy who are high-risk HPV positive but have normal cytology. There are currently no recommended screening methods for anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, or oropharyngeal HPV infections. HPV testing has limited utility in patients at high risk for anal cancer, but p16 immunohistochemistry is recommended to clarify lesions in tissue biopsy specimens that show moderate dysplasia or precancer mimics. HPV testing is recommended for oropharyngeal squamous cell tumors as a prognostic indicator. Ongoing research will help to improve the content of future guidelines for screening and diagnostic testing.

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Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papillomavirus Laboratory Testing: the Changing Paradigm

2016

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“…A recent review reported a higher prevalence of HPV in CRC tumors than noncancerous tissue 19. An earlier review of HPV and CRC also concluded that HPV may be associated with a subset of CRC 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in colorectal cancer incidence among younger adults—Disparities by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and subsite

et al. 2018

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Millennials (ages 18‐35) are now the largest living generation in the US, making it important to understand and characterize the rising trend of colorectal cancer incidence in this population, as well as other younger generations of Americans. Data from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry (n = 181 909) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (n = 448 714) were used to analyze invasive CRC incidence trends from 1979 to 2014. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, subsite, and stage differences between younger adults (20‐49) and screening age adults (≥50) in New Jersey (NJ) were examined using chi‐square; and, we compared secular trends in NJ to the United States (US). Whites, men, and the youngest adults (ages 20‐39) are experiencing greater APCs in rectal cancer incidence. Rates among younger black adults, overall, were consistently higher in both NJ and the US over time. When compared to older adults, younger adults with CRC in NJ were more likely to be: diagnosed at the late stage, diagnosed with rectal cancer, male, non‐white, and Hispanic. Invasive CRC incidence trends among younger adults were found to vary by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and subsite. Large, case‐level, studies are needed to understand the role of genetics, human papillomavirus (HPV), and cultural and behavioral factors in the rise of CRC among younger adults. Provider and public education about CRC risk factors will also be important for preventing and reversing the increasing CRC trend in younger adults.

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“…As we cited above, lifetime risk of CRCs is estimated to be 5-6% in the general population of Western countries [45,46]. Although hereditary forms of CRC have been well established; however, most cases are sporadic [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the past decades, Helicobacter pylori and Epstein Barr virus infections have been identified as potential causal factors of gastric cancer [50,51] and personal communication. A number of studies aimed to assess the possible role of viral infections, such as infection with high-risk HPVs, human polyomaviruses, and human herpesviruses in colorectal carcinogenesis [7,45,52,53]. Thus, in the next paragraph the presence and role of high-risk HPVs in human CRCs will be reviewed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Moustafa¹,

Al-Antary²,

Yasmeen³

2016

Human Papillomavirus - Research in a Global Perspective

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Colorectal, colon and rectal, cancer is the third most common malignancy in both men and women worldwide. Colorectal carcinogenesis is a complex, multistep process implicating environmental and lifestyle factors in addition to gene mutation and viral infections. On the other hand, it is well established that human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infection play a crucial role in certain types of human carcinomas including cervical and head and neck (HN); as roughly 96% and 30% of these cancers are positive for high-risk HPVs, respectively. Moreover, it has been reported that the presence of high-risk HPVs is associated with vascular invasion, lymph node metastases, and tumor size in cervical and HN cancers. Recently, several investigations pointed-out that high-risk HPVs are present in around 70% of human colorectal cancers. Likewise, our group has demonstrated that E6/E7 oncoproteins of HPV type 16 convert noninvasive and nonmetastatic human cancer cells to invasive and metastatic form. Accordingly, it is evident that high-risk HPVs are present in human colorectal cancers where they could play an important role in the development of these malignancies. In this chapter, we will discuss the presence and role of high-risk HPVs in human colorectal carcinogenesis and metastasis; particularly, the interaction between E5 and E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk HPVs in colorectal malignancies, which has been linked with the initiation and progression of these tumors.

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Viral infections and colorectal cancer: A systematic review of epidemiological studies

Cited by 68 publications

References 85 publications

Human Papillomavirus Laboratory Testing: the Changing Paradigm

Human Papillomavirus Laboratory Testing: the Changing Paradigm

Trends in colorectal cancer incidence among younger adults—Disparities by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and subsite

High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Colorectal Carcinogenesis

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