Viral infection enhances lung response to <i>Micropolyspora faeni</i>

Cormier, Yvon; Assayag, Evelyne Israël; Tremblay, Guy M.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700250120

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Is there a synergy between various components of bioaerosols to exacerbate certain diseases, or even to protect the host from some diseases? It has been hypothesized that hypersensitivity pneumonitis could be developed after infection by the influenza virus (Cormier et al, 1994(Cormier et al, , 1993Dakhama et al, 1999). The interaction of various airborne components and their impact on human health is not well known, and is an area that needs to be further explored.…”

Section: The Difficulty To Correlate a Disease With A Bioaerosol Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-culturable bioaerosols in indoor settings: Impact on health and molecular approaches for detection

Blais-Lecours

Perrott

Duchaine

2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sNon-culturable fraction of bioaerosols is important but still misunderstood. Airborne non-culturable agents can be hazardous for human respiratory health. Molecular tools allow the detection of airborne non-culturable microorganisms. Culture-dependent and independent tools should be used for bioaerosol studies. Several research needs relating to non-culturable agents must be addressed. a b s t r a c tDespite their significant impact on respiratory health, bioaerosols in indoor settings remain understudied and misunderstood. Culture techniques, predominantly used for bioaerosol characterisation in the past, allow for the recovery of only a small fraction of the real airborne microbial burden in indoor settings, given the inability of several microorganisms to grow on agar plates. However, with the development of new tools to detect non-culturable environmental microorganisms, the study of bioaerosols has advanced significantly. Most importantly, these techniques have revealed a more complex bioaerosol burden that also includes non-culturable microorganisms, such as archaea and viruses. Nevertheless, air quality specialists and consultants remain reluctant to adopt these new researchdeveloped techniques, given that there are relatively few studies found in the literature, making it difficult to find a point of comparison. Furthermore, it is unclear as to how this new non-culturable data can be used to assess the impact of bioaerosol exposure on human health. This article reviews the literature that describes the non-culturable fraction of bioaerosols, focussing on bacteria, archaea and viruses, and examines its impact on bioaerosol-related diseases. It also outlines available molecular tools for the detection and quantification of these microorganisms and states various research needs in this field.

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Section: The Difficulty To Correlate a Disease With A Bioaerosol Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-culturable bioaerosols in indoor settings: Impact on health and molecular approaches for detection

Blais-Lecours

Perrott

Duchaine

2015

Atmospheric Environment

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The role of viruses in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Cormier

Israël-Assayag

2000

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a worldwide lung disease caused by an immune response to a variety of mostly organic inhaled antigens. Only a small percentage (for example, 3 in 1000 dairy farmers) of subjects exposed to HP antigens develop the disease. It is possible that cofactors are needed to render the patient hypersensitive to environmental antigens; recent studies suggest that a viral infection could be such a trigger factor. Mice infected once with Sendai virus and simultaneously sensitized with HP antigens develop an enhanced response to the antigen that persists long after the transient viral infection has waned. Moreover, viral antigens were found in the lavage cells and lung tissue of patients with HP. Viral infections are known modulators of the immune response; viruses increase the antigen-presenting capacity of alveolar macrophages, decrease phagocytosis and antigen clearance, induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and favor the proliferation of Th1 T-lymphocytes (cells putatively associated with HP).

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Interstitial lung disease induced by exogenous agents: factors governing susceptibility

Nemery,

Bast,

Behr

et al. 2001

Eur Respir J

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The purpose of this review is to describe the present state of knowledge regarding host susceptibility factors that may determine the occurrence, development and severity of interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by exogenous agents.First, host susceptibility may pertain to differences in the delivery and/or persistence of the noxious agent in the lung. The deposition and clearance of inhaled particles or fibres may vary depending on innate anatomical or physiological characteristics, and on acquired changes, such as nasal disease or smoking-induced alterations. Genetically- or environmentally-induced interindividual differences in the expression of pulmonary biotransformation enzymes may form the basis for, or contribute to the risk of, drug-induced interstitial lung disease.Secondly, there are genetic and acquired variations in various enzymatic and nonenzymatic defence systems that protect cells and tissues against oxidative stress, which is often involved in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease caused by particles, fibres, metals, organic agents and drugs.Thirdly, the occurrence of immunological sensitization is dependent on both genetic and environmental factors. This has been demonstrated in chronic beryllium lung disease and in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.Fourthly, the propensity of individuals to develop particular types of inflammation, such as granulomas, is probably under genetic control. The regulation and resolution of inflammation and fibrogenesis caused by dust particles are also partly determined by genetic factors, involving cytokine networks and growth factors.In conclusion, although the issue of genetics pervades the entire discussion of host susceptibility, genes are not the only determinants of health and disease. Environmental factors may be equally important in shaping host susceptibility. Therefore, research must be focused on both the genetic bases and the environmental determinants of interstitial lung disease, in order to provide mechanism-based prevention strategies, early detection of, and improved therapy for these conditions.

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Viral infection enhances lung response to Micropolyspora faeni

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Non-culturable bioaerosols in indoor settings: Impact on health and molecular approaches for detection

Non-culturable bioaerosols in indoor settings: Impact on health and molecular approaches for detection

The role of viruses in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Interstitial lung disease induced by exogenous agents: factors governing susceptibility

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